Wildlife Resources: Meaning & Values KAGE201 Past Paper, October 2024 PDF

Wildlife resources: meaning & values KAGE201 Natural Resources & Environment 1300-1600, 8 Oct. 2024 by Dr. Chanpen Saralamba Class Objectives ❑ To explain the meaning of wildlife and some aspect related to wildlife protection ❑ To give an example the global and Thai wildlif...

Wildlife resources: meaning & values KAGE201 Natural Resources & Environment 1300-1600, 8 Oct. 2024 by Dr. Chanpen Saralamba Class Objectives ❑ To explain the meaning of wildlife and some aspect related to wildlife protection ❑ To give an example the global and Thai wildlife ❑ To describe the type of values system for wildlife ❑ To explain how wildlife relate to the world of business 2  PART I What is wildlife?  WHAT IS “WILDLIFE” ? ❑ All animals on Earth that have not been domesticated by human (Even invertebrate such as insects fall into this category) ❑ In term of traditional wildlife management, the term is largely restricted to wild vertebrate animal, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibian and fishes. ❑ Wildlife includes many game and nongame species (game animals are species that are harvested for sport) ❑ Most wildlife has been protected under each National Law & International Agreement e.g. CITES. From Chapter 16 of Natural Resource Conservatory, Tenth Edition, Daniel D. Chiras, John P. Reganold. Copyright © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved. WHAT IS “WILDLIFE”? https://www.ourplanet.com/en/video/what-is-biodiversity/  GAME WILDLIFE A bull elk in Great Sand Dunes National Preserve. Hunting is allowed in the A bow hunter aims at bighorn sheep at Upper Missouri River Breaks National preserve, but not the national park area. Photo by National Park Service. Monument in Montana. Photo by Bob Wick, Bureau of Land Management. Image source: https://www.doi.gov/blog/everything-you-need-know-about-hunting-public-lands NON GAME WILDLIFE Mountain lion. Credit: Alamy NON GAME WILDLIFE  National Laws USA The U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) Legal Thailand Protection of พระราชบัญญัตสิ งวนและคุม้ ครองสัตว์ป่า Species (2503, 2535, 2546, 2557, 2562) (Source: http://portal.dnp.go.th/Law) (Wildlife Conservation and Protection Act, B.E. ) Depend on (Source: http://portal.dnp.go.th/Law) each country International Agreements The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora (CITES) (Source: https://cites.org/eng) Your Logo or Name Here  Dr. Boonsong Lekagul worked with IUCN and the Royal Thai Government to issue the natural resources protection laws and then established 1st National Park in 1962 and Wildlife Sanctuary in 1965. 1950s-1960s 1980s 1991 2000s 2004-2005 2019 HOW MANY WILDLIFE ON EARTH GLOBAL & THAILAND WILDLIFE Sources: https://www.nature.com/news/biodiversity-life-a-status-report-1.16523 https://www.wwf.org.uk/sites/default/files/2020-09/LPR20_Full_report.pdf The Major threats to Biodiversity The UN warned that deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon was rising (ANDRE PENNER/AP) Source: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/survival-of-forests-offers-glimmer-of-hope-amid- habitat-destruction-n80s5gjvm 18  PART II The Value of Wildlife  Intrinsic Values The values that a thing (e.g. wildlife species) possesses simply because of it existences, and which is independent of its instrumental value to human society Instrumental Values Types of Value Systems The value that a thing has in helping us get something else we want. Nature & wildlife have instrumental value in the form of the goods and service they provide to humanity. Relational Values The value of relationships among people, between people and Nonhuman organisms, and between people and the land that enhance one’s personal or cultural identity, social Yourresponsibility, Logo or Name Here emotional well-being.  Intrinsic Values Types of Value VS Systems Instrumental Values Your Logo or Name Here Watch VDO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Zgo99rVQOw Intrinsic Values Moral Value based on individual sense of right or wrong “I believe all species have a right to exist, not just humans” Ethical Value based on social norms and codes of conduct “ I believe it is unethical to inflict pain or another living being Religious Value from a belief in a higher power “ My creator has charged me with a good stewardship of his/her creation” Your Logo or Name Here Source: Cardinale, B. J., Primack, R. B., & Murdoch, J. D. (2019). Conservation Biology. Oxford University Press Source: Cardinale, B. J., Primack, R. B., & Murdoch, J. D. (2019). Conservation Biology. Oxford University Press  Direct use Instrumental Values Value of market good and product that wildlife provide “Tuna provide meat to feed me and my family”. Indirect use Value of the service wildlife provide to people “ “Bees keep pollinating flowers to maintain agricultural product such as fruit and vegetables” Option value >$1.75M Value of natural/wildlife assets when use in the future “ “wildlife may hole the cure to an illness threatening society” Non-use Value of leaving natures/wildlife intact for future generation “ I want my children to enjoy and benefit from the natures/wildlife the way I Your Logo or Name Here have. SUBSISTENCE BUSHMEAT?  RELATIONAL VALUES Personal & Cultural Identity Value of personal and cultural identity Nature/wildlife is important to me, my people, and to our culture Social Responsibility Value of connecting with and caring for others “ caring for wildlife is a way for me to care for my fellow human being” Historical & Education Value of understanding one wildlife in the world “I want to understand the lion’s life to protect them The Haida people for the future” Bill Reid's Raven and the First Men (1980), UBC Museum of Anthropology SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Harald Link, the chairman of B.Grimm, calls for the protection of wild tigers which are threatened by loss of habitat and poaching:. From https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1929876/saving-kingdoms-tigers RELATIONAL VALUES Biophilia Value of connecting with nature/wildlife “I enjoy and get satisfaction from interacting with other life forms/animals”. Aesthetic Value of beauty, wonder and inspiration “ Nature/wildlife provides me with a fulfilling, emotional experience” AESTHETIC WILDLIFE DOCUMENTARY Image source:https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/nature-documentaries-netflix  PART III How wildlife relate to the business? Picture from: SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE:MANAGING RISK AND RESILIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2014  Balancing Act Need for material goods, food, etc. Pet and plant collectors Animal Testing HOW WILDLIFE RELATE TO BUSINESS Direct Products: Material, goods, cosmetics, food, drug, pet Service: Tourism– Zoo& Use Aquarium, Elephant camp Indirect Name & Symbol use  DIRECT USE: FUR TRADING Image source: Coyote pelts are displayed for sale at a trappers’ auction. Prices are estimated to be up 25% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_trade#/media/File:Alberta_1890s_fur_trader.jpg. Photograph: Michael Hill/AP  FUR TRADING Jackets in the showroom of the Canada Goose factory in Toronto. Credit...Mark Blinch/Reuters Source:https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/style/canada-goose-no-new-fur.html? FUR TRADING: DO WE SUPPORT IT? Source: https://www.four-paws.org/campaigns-topics/topics/animals-abused-for-fashion/fur-free-retailer CAVIAR WHERE DOES CAVIAR COME FROM? Image source: https://caviarlover.com/blog/the-ultimate-guide-about-osetra-caviar/ ZOO AND TOURISM  ZOO & WILDLIFE ETHIC Image from https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2014/f eb/09/marius-giraffe-dissected-copenhagen-zoo- video International wildlife trade  INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE TRADE https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/asia-wildlife-trade INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE TRADE Frogs' legs in tradition in French cuisine Javan giant frog. 100 million frogs export from Indonesia each year to western European countries  WILDLIFE LOGO & Trademark Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc Fig 3. Illustration of the competition hypothesis between virtual populations (here represented by iconic logos of commercial companies) and natural populations (here represented by clip art of real animals), whereby abundance of virtual animals in culture alters the perception of actual rarity in real animals and, therefore, the perceived need for their conservation. Courchamp F, Jaric I, Albert C, Meinard Y, Ripple WJ, et al. (2018) The paradoxical extinction of the most charismatic animals. PLOS Biology 16(4): e2003997. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2003997 https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2003997