Cycle of Materials BIO 2024 PDF

Aim: How are raw materials recycled and reused? Do Now (CER): Claim – Global warming helped cause the hurricane Helene. Use google/research to help with this Evidence? Reasoning? I.Cycles of Materials Ecosystem show cyclic changes around a state of approximate equilibrium. Mater...

Aim: How are raw materials recycled and reused? Do Now (CER): Claim – Global warming helped cause the hurricane Helene. Use google/research to help with this Evidence? Reasoning? I.Cycles of Materials Ecosystem show cyclic changes around a state of approximate equilibrium. Materials (especially carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen) must be recycled (and reused) between the living and nonliving environment. A.Carbon-Oxygen Cycle 1.Cycled through the environment by the process of photosynthesis and respiration. 2. Carbon dioxide and water molecules used in photosynthesis to form energy rich organic compounds are returned to the environment when the energy in these compounds is eventually released by the cells. B.Water Cycle (Hydrogen, Oxygen) 1. Water moves between earth’s surface and the atmosphere. 2. Liquid water turns into water vapor (gas) by evaporation (transpiration). 3.Water vapor gathers in clouds and returns as precipitation (condensation). C.Nitrogen Cycle 1. Plants get nitrogen from the soil. 2.Nitrogen is needed by all living things because it is part of the structure of amino acids & proteins (-NH2). 3.Plants eaten by animals. 4. Dead plants, animals and wastes are recycled in the soil by decomposers (bacteria, fungi/mushrooms). 5.Ammonia is converted into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria. 6.Bacteria also convert nitrogen gas into ammonia, this is called nitrogen fixation. 7.Other soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas in a process called denitrification. Q. The flow of materials through ecosystems involves the interactions of many processes and organisms. State how bacteria aid in the flow of materials in an ecosystem. Q. When animals excrete nitrogenous wastes into the soil, certain soil bacteria convert these wastes into nitrates, which are absorbed by plants. These soil bacteria function as 1. autotrophs 2. secondary consumers 3. decomposers 4. abiotic factors Ans. - 3 A student uses a covered aquarium to study the interactions of biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem. The aquarium contains sand, various water plants, algae, small fish, snails, and decomposers. The water contains dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as tiny amounts of minerals and salts. Base your answers to the question on the information and on your knowledge of biology. Q. Explain how oxygen is cycled between organisms in this ecosystem. Q.Which statement is best supported by the diagram of the carbon-oxygen cycle? Ans. - 3 1.Decomposers add oxygen to the atmosphere and remove carbon dioxide. 2.Combustion adds oxygen to the atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide. 3.Producers generate oxygen and utilize carbon dioxide. 4.Consumers generate oxygen and utilize carbon dioxide. Q. In an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms of certain chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen? 1. They move into and out of living systems. 2. They are never found in living systems. 3. They move out of living systems and never return. 4. They move into living systems and remain there. Ans. - 1 Q.The letters in the diagram represent the processes involved in the water cycle. Which letter represents the process of transpiration? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D Ans. - 1