Ureter PDF

URETER DR.MADHURIMA RUDRA  The ureters are two thick tubes which act to transport urine from the kidney to the bladder by the peristalsis movement of the inner smooth muscle. They are approximately 25cm long and are situated bilaterally, with each ureter draining one kidney. Anatomical Course...

URETER DR.MADHURIMA RUDRA  The ureters are two thick tubes which act to transport urine from the kidney to the bladder by the peristalsis movement of the inner smooth muscle. They are approximately 25cm long and are situated bilaterally, with each ureter draining one kidney. Anatomical Course The ureters arise in the abdomen as a continuation of the renal pelvis, and terminate in the pelvic cavity – where they empty into the bladder. The anatomical course of the ureters can therefore be divided into abdominal and pelvic components. Abdominal Part The ureters arise from the renal pelvis – a funnel like structure located within the hilum of the kidney. The renal pelvis receives urine from the major calyces. The point at which the renal pelvis narrows to form the ureter is known as the ureteropelvic junction. After arising from the ureteropelvic junction, the ureters descend through the abdomen, along the anterior surface of the psoas major. Here, the ureters are a retroperitoneal structure (located behind the peritoneum). At the area of the sacroiliac joints, the ureters cross the pelvic brim. At this point, they also cross the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries. Pelvic Part Once within the pelvic cavity, the ureters travel down the lateral pelvic walls. At the level of the ischial spines, they turn anteromedially, moving in a transverse plane towards the bladder. Upon reaching the bladder wall, the ureters pierce its lateral aspect in an oblique manner. This creates a one way valve, where high intramural pressure collapses the ureters – preventing the back-flow of urine. NAME OF THE SITE OF CONSTRICTION 1.AT THE PELVI-URETIC JUNCTION AT THE LEVEL OF LOWER POLE OF KIDNEY. 2.AT PELVIC BRIM (SACROILIAC JOINT). 3.AT UTERO-VESICLE JUNCTION WHERE URETER PIERCES URINARY BLADDER. These helps to prevent back flow of urine. These are the common places for obstruction Also. Neurovascular Supply arterial supply Abdominal – renal artery, testicular/ovarian artery, and ureteral branches directly from the abdominal aorta Pelvic – superior and inferior vesical arteries, branch from common iliac artery, branch from internal iliac artery, middle rectal artery, uterine artery(female). Venous drainage is carried out by vessels that correspond to the most of the aforementioned arteries. Nervous supply to the ureters is delivered via the renal, testicular/ovarian and hypogastric plexuses. Sensory fibres from the ureters enter the spinal cord at T11-L2, with ureteric pain referred to those dermatomal areas. Despoina @ PatrasAnatomy