Jupiter: The Lord of Heavens - Planets of the Solar System PDF

PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM JUPITER THE LORD OF HEAVENS Presented by: Russel Delos Santos David John Guanco Kissaarabela Espinosa Marmie Jean  WHAT IS JUPITER? Jupiter is a planet that is considered to be a gas giant. It’s over 11 times the diameter of Earth, m...

PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM JUPITER THE LORD OF HEAVENS Presented by: Russel Delos Santos David John Guanco Kissaarabela Espinosa Marmie Jean  WHAT IS JUPITER? Jupiter is a planet that is considered to be a gas giant. It’s over 11 times the diameter of Earth, making it massive enough to fit all the other planets inside it. But it’s not just about size—Jupiter is a dynamic planet with swirling storms, a powerful magnetic field, and dozens of moons.  Did you Jupiterknow? is believed to be the first planet to form in the Solar System, as its massive size suggests it gathered material quickly from the early solar nebula before the other planets had a chance to form. It was named after Jupiter, the king of the gods in Roman mythology. In a similar manner, the ancient Greeks named the planet after Zeus, the king of the Greek pantheon.  Nicknames of Jupiter King of Planets -Jupiter is called the "King of Planets" because of its massive size, powerful gravity, protective role, and dominant presence in our Solar System. Gas Giant - Jupiter is called a "gas giant" because it’s mostly made of gases like hydrogen and helium, with no solid surface. Great Protector - Jupiter is called the "Great Protector" because its strong gravity pulls in or deflects comets and asteroids, helping protect the inner planets from potential collisions. Truly a giant among planets, Jupiter has a mass two and a half times greater than the combined mass of all the remaining planets, satellites, and asteroids.  Characteristics of Jupiter Size: Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, with a diameter of about 142,984 kilometers or 88,846 miles Composition: It’s a gas giant made mostly of hydrogen and helium, with no solid surface. It might have a dense core surrounded by metallic hydrogen. Moons: Jupiter has at least 95 moons that have been officially recognized by the International Astronomical Union, including four large ones known as the Galilean moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto). Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system. Jupiter and Earth size comparison  Characteristics of Jupiter Rotation: Jupiter has the fastest rotation of any planet in the solar system. It completes one rotation in about 10 hours. Revolution: Jupiter takes about 12 Earth years (4, 333 Earth days) to complete one orbit around the Sun. Magnetic Field: It has a powerful magnetic field, about 20,000 times stronger than Earth’s, creating intense radiation belts. Gravity: Jupiter has the strongest gravity in all the planets in the Solar System which is 24.79 m/s² just 2.5 times that of  Jupiter is often called “star-like” because it’s made of the same gases as stars—mostly hydrogen and helium. In fact, if Jupiter had been about 80 times more massive, it could have had enough pressure and temperature in its core to ignite nuclear fusion, the process that powers stars. While Jupiter didn’t grow large enough to become a star, it’s sometimes thought of as a "failed star" because of its similar Jupiter was meant to be a star, but failed...  Jupiter's Temperature Jupiter's temperature is about –110 degrees Celsius (– 166°F). That’s if you were standing on the planet’s surface, which of course you can’t. Jupiter is composed mostly of gases and liquids, so there’s no surface to stand on. The temperature near the planet's core is much, much hotter. The temperature may be about 24,000°C (43,000°F), which is even hotter than the surface of the Sun that is only about 10,000°C  Jupiter's Temperature Above the ‘surface’, Jupiter's temperatures drop off rapidly, so 50km up you’d be looking at a temperature of –160°C, which would of course be much too cold for humans to survive! Higher up in the atmosphere, where hydrogen dominates over helium, temperatures begin to rise once more. At the very top of Jupiter's atmosphere, some 1,000km above the ‘surface’, temperatures can reach a positively toasty 1,000°C, much too hot for humans to survive.  JUPITER'S ATMOSPHER E One of the most distinctive features of Jupiter is its atmosphere. It’s primarily made of hydrogen and helium, much like the Sun. The atmosphere is thick and full of complex weather patterns. Most famous is the Great Red Spot, a massive storm that’s been raging for at least 350 years. There are also bands of clouds that rotate in opposite directions, creating intense storms  The Great Red Spot The Great Red Spot is a huge storm on Jupiter, larger than Earth, that has been active for at least 350 years. It’s a high- pressure system with intense winds, swirling clouds, and a reddish hue likely caused by chemical reactions in Jupiter’s atmosphere. The exact reason for its color and longevity remains a mystery.  Despite its iconic color, researchers aren't entirely sure what causes the spot to appear red. Some researchers think it could be due to chemicals like ammonia in the upper part of the storm. The spot seems to be changing color over time, which researchers also don't understand.  Moons of Jupiter Main group or Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. They are some of the largest objects in the Solar System outside the Sun and the eight planets in terms of mass, larger than any known dwarf planet. Io Io or Jupiter I, is the innermost and second-smallest of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter. Slightly larger than Earth's moon, Io is the fourth-largest moon in the Solar System, has the highest density of any moon, the strongest surface gravity of any moon, and the lowest amount of water by atomic ratio of any known astronomical object in the Solar System. It was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and was named after the mythological character Io, a priestess Europa, or Jupiter II, is the smallest Europ of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and the sixth-closest to the a planet of all the 95 known moons of Jupiter. It is also the sixth- largest moon in the Solar System. Europa was discovered independently by Simon Marius and Galileo Galilei and was named (by Marius) after Europa, the Phoenician mother of King Minos of Crete and lover of Zeus (the Greek equivalent of the Roman god Jupiter). Ganyme Ganymede or Jupiter III, is the largest and most massive de natural satellite of Jupiter, and in the Solar System. Despite being the only moon in the Solar System with a substantial magnetic field, it is the largest Solar System object without a substantial atmosphere. It is larger than the planet Mercury, but has somewhat less surface gravity than Mercury, Io, or the Moon due to its lower density compared to the three. Ganymede orbits Jupiter in roughly seven days and is in a 1:2:4 orbital resonance with the moons Europa and Io, respectively Callisto, or Jupiter IV, is the second-largest Callist moon of Jupiter, after Ganymede. In the Solar System it is the third-largest moon after Ganymede and Saturn's largest moon o Titan, and nearly as large as the smallest planet Mercury. Callisto is, with a diameter of 4,821 km, roughly a third larger than Earth's Moon and orbits Jupiter on average at a distance of 1,883,000 km, which is about six times further out than the Moon orbiting Earth. It is the outermost of the four large Galilean moons of Jupiter, which were discovered in 1610 with one of the first telescopes, being visible from Earth with common binoculars.  Facts about Jupiter You could fit almost 1400 planets the size of Venus inside Jupiter. Jupiter’s gravity is 2.5 times stronger than Earth’s. If you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, you’d weigh 250 pounds on Jupiter! As a gas giant, Jupiter doesn’t have a solid surface, so you couldn’t land on it—just endless clouds and gas. Jupiter actually emits more heat than it receives from the Sun, thanks to leftover energy from its formation. Jupiter's strong gravity deflects or captures many asteroids and comets, acting as a protective shield that reduces the number of potentially dangerous objects reaching Earth.  Facts about Jupiter has Jupiter stunning auroras near its poles, which are even brighter than Earth’s Northern Lights due to its strong magnetic field. “Mini Solar System”: With its large size and many moons, Jupiter is often thought of as a mini solar system, especially with its four largest moons acting like “mini-planets” orbiting it. Lightning Storms: Jupiter experiences lightning that’s 10 times more powerful than Earth’s, often found in the regions around its poles.  Potential for Jupiter’s environment is Life probably not conducive to life as we know it. The temperatures, pressures, and materials that characterize this planet are most likely too extreme and volatile for organisms to adapt to. While planet Jupiter is an unlikely place for living things to take hold, the same is not true of some of its many moons. Europa is one of the likeliest places to find life elsewhere in our solar system. There is evidence of a vast ocean just beneath its icy crust, where life could possibly be supported. Any questions before we proceed to the next planet?  THANK YOU! Thank you for joining this journey into the world of astronomical observations! The universe is vast, and there’s so much more to discover. Keep looking up at the sky—you never know what amazing things you’ll find next!