Cisco Networking Module 1: Networking Today PDF

Module 1: Networking Today Instructor Materials Introduction to Networks v7.0 (ITN) 1.2 Network Components © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2 Network Components Host Roles Every computer on a network is called a host or end device....

Module 1: Networking Today Instructor Materials Introduction to Networks v7.0 (ITN) 1.2 Network Components © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2 Network Components Host Roles Every computer on a network is called a host or end device. Servers are computers that provide information to end devices: email servers web servers Server Description Type file server Email Email server runs email server software. Clients are computers that send Clients use client software to access email. requests to the servers to retrieve Web Web server runs web server software. information: Clients use browser software to access web pages. web page from a web server email from an email server File File server stores corporate and user files. The client devices access these files. © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3 Network Components Peer-to-Peer It is possible to have a device be a client and a server in a Peer-to-Peer Network. This type of network design is only recommended for very small networks. Advantages Disadvantages Easy to set up No centralized administration Less complex Not as secure Lower cost Not scalable Used for simple tasks: transferring files and Slower performance sharing printers © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4 Network Components End Devices An end device is where a message originates from or where it is received. Data originates with an end device, flows through the network, and arrives at an end device. © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5 Network Components Intermediary Network Devices An intermediary device interconnects end devices. Examples include switches, wireless access points, routers, and firewalls. Management of data as it flows through a network is also the role of an intermediary device, including: Regenerate and retransmit data signals. Maintain information about what pathways exist in the network. Notify other devices of errors and communication failures. © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6 Network Components Network Media Communication across a network is carried through a medium which allows a message to travel from source to destination. Media Types Description Metal wires within cables Uses electrical impulses Glass or plastic fibers Uses pulses of light. within cables (fiber-optic cable) Wireless transmission Uses modulation of specific frequencies of electromagnetic waves. © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7 1.3 Network Representations and Topologies © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8 Network Representations and Topologies Network Representations Network diagrams, often called topology diagrams, use symbols to represent devices within the network. Important terms to know include: Network Interface Card (NIC) Physical Port Interface Note: Often, the terms port and interface are used interchangeably © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9 Network Representations and Topologies Topology Diagrams Physical topology diagrams illustrate the Logical topology diagrams illustrate devices, physical location of intermediary devices ports, and the addressing scheme of the and cable installation. network. © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10 1.4 Common Types of Networks © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11 Common Types of Networks Networks of Many Sizes Small Home Networks – connect a few computers to each other and the Internet Small Office/Home Office – enables computer within a home or remote office to connect to a corporate network Small Home SOHO Medium to Large Networks – many locations with hundreds or thousands of interconnected computers World Wide Networks – connects hundreds of millions of computers world- wide – such as the internet Medium/Large World Wide © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12 Common Types of Networks LANs and WANs Network infrastructures vary greatly in terms of: Size of the area covered Number of users connected Number and types of services available Area of responsibility Two most common types of networks: Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN). © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13 Common Types of Networks LANs and WANs (cont.) A LAN is a network infrastructure that spans A WAN is a network infrastructure that spans a small geographical area. a wide geographical area. LAN WAN Interconnect end devices in a limited area. Interconnect LANs over wide geographical areas. Administered by a single organization or Typically administered by one or more service individual. providers. Provide high-speed bandwidth to internal Typically provide slower speed links between LANs. devices. © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14 Common Types of Networks The Internet The internet is a worldwide collection of interconnected LANs and WANs. LANs are connected to each other using WANs. WANs may use copper wires, fiber optic cables, and wireless transmissions. The internet is not owned by any individual or group. The following groups were developed to help maintain structure on the internet: IETF ICANN IAB © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15 Common Types of Networks Intranets and Extranets An intranet is a private collection of LANs and WANs internal to an organization that is meant to be accessible only to the organizations members or others with authorization. An organization might use an extranet to provide secure access to their network for individuals who work for a different organization that need access to their data on their network. © 2019, 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16