IT Lesson 1 Prelim.pdf

GE Elect 1: Living in the I.T. Era First Semester, S.Y. 2024-2025 Prepared by: Mr. Brian G. Tibon, LPT Information and Communications Technology: An Overview The concept of tec...

GE Elect 1: Living in the I.T. Era First Semester, S.Y. 2024-2025 Prepared by: Mr. Brian G. Tibon, LPT Information and Communications Technology: An Overview The concept of technology has evolved throughout the years. As the rate of human progress continues to increase, society has adapted in such a way that technology no longer appeals to mechanical or electrical systems alone. “Technology” presently includes advancements in communication and how information is handled, thus enabling governments, organizations, industries, and ordinary individuals to improve on their decision-making, business processes, and everyday living. Information? refers knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study, or research. Some tools to transmit information are the telephone, television, radio. Not to be confused with data, information is regarded as processed data. Processed information is called knowledge. Knowledge helps fulfill daily tasks. Technology Application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem or perform a specific function. Greek word “Technologia / “Techne” means art, skill, or craft and “logia” means study of. Generally, technology makes human life better. Communication Is an act of transmitting messages. It is the process in which information is exchanged between individuals through verbal and non-verbal means. It can be signs, symbols, drawings (prehistoric days), but now has evolved ever since. Information Technology (IT) Use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data or information. Information technology involves the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of data. Information Communication Technology (ICT) Information and Communications Technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing. Although there is no single, universal definition of ICT, the term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking components, applications and systems that combined allow people and organizations (i.e. businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments, and criminal enterprises) to interact in the digital world. ICT vs IT Parameter ICT IT Acronym Information Communication Information Technology Technology Field Field of Education Field of computers, software, networks, etc. Function Process of communication and Attain an efficient way or method for the attaining and imparting information management of information, with the help better with the help of technology of technology Place of Use Academic Institutions and purposes Corporate and other huge, complex companies and institutions. Industry or ICT can be considered as an IT can be considered as an industry by extension extensional term or simply as an itself, used for efficient management of extension of IT, mainly used in an information, mainly used in software, academic setup networking, etc. Use of ICT in Our Daily Lives Communication We all know that ICT take a major role for us by means of communicating, way back in the past our parents use to make letter and send it via post mail. But now with the help of ICT, it is easier to communicate with our love ones. We can use cellular phones that design for communicating with other people even they are miles away far from you. Nowadays people are in touch with the help of ICT. Through chatting, E-mail, voice mail and social networking people communicate with each other. It is the cheapest means of communication. Education ICT can impact student learning when teachers are digitally literate and understand how to integrate it into curriculum.  Schools use a diverse set of ICT tools to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information. In some contexts, ICT has also become integral to the teaching-learning interaction, through such approaches as replacing chalkboards with interactive digital whiteboards, using students' own smartphones or other devices for learning during class time, and the "flipped classroom" model where students watch lectures at home on the computer and use classroom time for more interactive exercises. When teachers are digitally literate and trained to use ICT, these approaches can lead to higher order thinking skills, provide creative and individualized options for students to express their understandings, and leave students better prepared to deal with ongoing technological change in society and the workplace. Socializing Social media has changed the world. The rapid and vast adoption of these technologies is changing how we find partners, how we access information from the news, and how we organize to demand political change. The internet and social media provide young people with a range of benefits, and opportunities to empower themselves in a variety of ways such as maintaining social connections and support networks that otherwise wouldn't be possible and can access more information than ever before. The communities and social interactions young people form online can be invaluable for bolstering and developing young people's self-confidence and social skills. As the ICT has become ubiquitous, faster and increasingly accessible to nontechnical communities, social networking and collaborative services have grown rapidly enabling people to communicate and share interest in many more ways, sites like Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, YouTube, Instagram, second life delicious blogs wiki's and many more let people of all ages rapidly share their interest of the movement with others everywhere. What a change! "Nothing is permanent, but change" (Heraditus, 4th century BC). Internet can be seen as the international networks of interconnected computer networks, the main purpose for the institution of internet is quest for information i.e. browsing, electronic mail, file transfer and access and use of other computer. Socialization can be seen as a process by which a child adapts a behavior to be an effective member of the society, which can only be achieved through learning or education. Application of ICT (Computers) in Our Daily Lives 1. Business - Almost every business uses computers nowadays. They can be employed to store and maintain accounts, personnel records, manage projects, track inventory, create presentations and reports. They enable communication with people both within and outside the business, using various technologies, including e-mail. They can be used to promote the business and enable direct interaction with customers. 2. Education - Computers can be used to give learners audio-visual packages, interactive exercises, and remote learning, including tutoring over the internet. They can be used to access educational information from intranet and internet sources, or via e-books. They can be used to maintain and monitor student's performance, including through the use of online examinations, as well as to create projects and assignments. 3. Healthcare - continues to be revolutionized by computers. As well as digitized medical information making it easier to store and access patient data, complex information can also be analyzed by software to aid discovery of diagnoses, as well as search for risks of diseases. Computers control lab equipment, heart rate monitors, and blood pressure monitors. They enable doctors to have greater access to information on the latest drugs, as well as the ability to share information on diseases with other medical specialists. 4. Retail and Trade - Computers can be used to buy and sell products online - this enables sellers to reach a wider market with low overheads, and buyers to compare prices, read reviews, and choose delivery preferences. They can be used for direct trading and advertising too, using sites such as Amazon, Lazada, Shopee, or local listings on social media or independent websites. 5. Government - Various government departments use computers to improve the quality and efficiency of their services. Examples include city planning, law enforcement, traffic, and tourism. Computers can be used to store information, promote services, communicate internally and externally, as well as for routine administrative purposes. 6. Marketing - Computers enable marketing campaigns to be more precise through the analysis and manipulation of data. They facilitate the creation of websites and promotional materials. They can be used to generate social media campaigns. They enable direct communication with customers through email and online chat. 7. Science - Scientists were one of the first groups to adopt computers as a work tool. In science, computers can be used for research, sharing information with other specialists both locally and internationally, as  well as collecting, categorizing, analyzing, and storing data. Computers also play a vital role in launching, controlling, and maintaining space craft, as well as operating other advanced technology. 8. Publishing - Computers can be used to design pretty much any type of publication. These might include newsletters, marketing materials, fashion magazines, novels, or newspapers. Computers are used in the publishing of both hard-copy and e-books. They are also used to market publications and track sales. 9. Arts and Entertainment - Computers are now used in virtually every branch of the arts, as well as in the wider entertainment industry. Computers can be used to create drawings, graphic designs, and paintings. They can be used to edit, copy, send, and print photographs. They can be used by writers to create and edit. They can be used to make, record, edit, play, and listen to music. They can be used to capture, edit and watch videos. They can be used for playing games. 10. Communication - Computers have made real-time communication over the internet easy, thanks to software and videoconferencing services such as Skype, Messenger, Zoom, Google Meet. Families can connect with audio and video, businesses can hold meetings between remote participants, and news organizations can interview people without the need for a film crew. Modern computers usually have microphones and webcams built-in nowadays to facilitate software. Older communications technologies such as email are also still used widely. 11. Banking and Finance - Most banking in advanced countries now takes place online. You can use computers to check your account balance, transfer money, or pay off credit cards. You can also use computer technology to access information on stock markets, trade stocks, and manage investments. Banks store customer account data, as well as detailed information on customer behavior which is used to streamline marketing. examine route options, and buy plane, train, or bus tickets. They can be used to explore and book accommodation, whether traditional hotels, or through newer services, such as Air BnB. Guided tours, excursions, events, and trips can also be explored and booked online using computers. 12. Transportation - Road vehicles, trains, planes, and boats are increasingly automated with computers being used to maintain safety and navigation systems, and increasingly to drive, fly, or steer. They can also highlight problems that require attention, such as low fuel levels, oil changes, or a failing mechanical part. Computers can be used to customize settings for individuals, for example, seat setup, air-conditioning temperatures. 13. Navigation - has become increasingly computerized, especially since computer technology has been combined with GPS technology. Computers combined with satellites mean that it's now easy to pinpoint your exact location, know which way that you are moving on a map, and have a good idea of amenities and places of interest around you. 14. Working From Home - Computers have made working from home and other forms of remote working increasingly common. Workers can access necessary data, communicate, and share information without commuting to a traditional office. Managers are able to monitor workers' productivity remotely. 15. Military - Computers are used extensively by the military. They are use for training purposes. They are used for analyzing intelligence data. They are used to control smart technology, such as guided missiles and drones, as well as for tracking incoming missiles and destroying them. They work with other technologies such as satellites to provide geospatial information and analysis. They aid communications. They help tanks and planes to target enemy forces. 16. Social and Romance - Computers have opened up many ways of socializing that didn't previously exist. Social media enables people to chat in text or audio in real time across large distances, as well as exchange photographs, videos, and memes. Dating sites and apps help people to find romance. Online groups help people to connect with others who have similar interests. Blogs enable people to post a variety of views, updates, and experiences. Online forums enable discussions between people on specialist or general topics. 17. Booking Vacations - Computers can be used by travelers to study timetables, examine route options, and buy plane, train, or bus tickets. They can be used to explore and book accommodation, whether traditional hotels, or through newer services, such as AirBnB. Guided tours, excursions, events, and trips can also be explored and booked online using computers. 18. Security and Surveillance - Computers are increasingly being combined with other technologies to monitor people and goods. Computers combined with biometric passports make it harder for people to fraudulently enter a country or gain access to a passenger airplane. Face-recognition technology makes it easier to identify terrorists or criminals in public places. Driver plates can be auto scanned by speed cameras or police cars. Private security systems have also become much more sophisticated with the introduction of computer technology and internet technology. 19. Weather Forecasting - The world's weather is complex and depends upon a multitude of factors that are constantly changing. It's impossible for human beings to monitor and process all the information coming  in from satellite and other technologies, never mind perform the complex calculations that are needed to predict what is likely to happen in the future. Computers can process the large amounts of meteorological information. 20. Robotics - is an expanding area of technology which combines computers with science and engineering to produce machines that can either replace humans, or do specific jobs that humans are unable to do. One of the first use of robotics was in manufacturing to build cars. Since then, robots have been developed to explore areas where conditions are too harsh for humans, to help law enforcement, to help the military, and to assist healthcare professionals. Impact of ICT in the Society Positive impacts of ICT Access to information: Increase in access to information and services that has accompanied the growth of the Internet. Some of the positive aspects of this increased access are better, and often cheaper, communications, such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VolP), phone and Instant Messaging. Improved access to education, e.g. distance learning and online tutorials. New ways of learning, e.g. interactive multi-media and virtual reality. New tools, new opportunities: ICT gives access to new tools that did not previously exist: digital cameras, photo-editing software and high quality printers, screen magnification or screen reading software enables partially sighted or blind people to work with ordinary text rather than Braille. Communication: by using e.g. VolP instead of normal telephone, email / messaging instead of post mail, video conferencing instead of traveling to meetings, e-commerce web sites instead of sales catalogues. Access to larger, even worldwide, markets. Information management: Data mining of customer information to produce lists for targeted advertising. Improved stock control, resulting in less wastage, better cash flow, etc. Security: ICT solves or reduces some security problems, e.g. Encryption methods can keep data safe from unauthorized people, both while it is being stored or while it is being sent electronically. ICT allows people to participate in a wider, even worldwide, society. ICT facilitates the ability to perform 'impossible' experiments' by using simulations. Creation of new more interesting jobs. Examples would be systems analysts, programmers and software engineers, as well as help desk operators and trainers. Negative impacts of ICT Job loss: Manual operations being replaced by automation. e.g. robots replacing people on an assembly line. Job export. e.g. Data processing work being sent to other countries where operating costs are lower. Multiple workers being replaced by a smaller number who are able to do the same amount of work. e.g. A worker on a supermarket checkout can serve more customers per hour if a bar-code scanner linked to a computerized till is used to detect goods instead of the worker having to enter the item and price manually. Reduced personal interaction: Most people need some form of social interaction in their daily lives and if they do not get the chance to meet and talk with other people they may feel isolated and unhappy. Reduced physical activity: This can lead to health problems such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. Cost: A lot of ICT hardware and software is expensive, both to purchase and to maintain. An ICT system usually requires specialist staff to run it and there is also the challenge of keeping up with ever-changing technology. Competition: this is usually thought of as being a good thing, but for some organizations being exposed to greater competition can be a problem. If the organization is competing for customers, donations, or other means of funding nationally or even internationally, they may lose out to other organizations that can offer the same service for less money. History of Computer Five Generations of Computers: a. The First Generation (1946 to 1958) The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions. First generation  computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts. Examples: - ENIAC-EDSAC-UNIVAC I, UNIVAC II, UNIVAC 1101 b. The Second Generation (1959 to 1964) Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. One transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes. Allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable. Still generated a great deal of heat that can damage the computer. Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output. These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology. Examples: UNIVAC III, RCA 501, Philco Transact S-2000, NCR 300 series, IBM 7030 Stretch, IBM 7070, 7080, 7090 series c. The Third Generation (1965 to 1970) The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers. It could carry out instructions in billionths of a second. Much smaller and cheaper compare to the second-generation computers. d. The Fourth Generation (1971 to today) The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of Graphical User Interface (GUIs), the mouse and handheld devices. e. The Fifth Generation (today to future) Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), still in development. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. The goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. There are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. History of ICT in the Philippines Before 1928, telecommunications in the Philippines was segmented. You could only call people within your own small city. 1928 Telecoms in the Philippines American-owned PLDT was incorporated and given the franchise to establish and operate telephone services in the Philippines. Small phone companies in the provinces were acquired to speed up the rollout process. November 28, 1928, PLDT was established through the Act 3436 by the Philippine Legislature and approved by then American Governor, General Henry L. Stimson PLDT was given 50 year charter and the right to establish telephone network linking major points nationwide, However, PLDT to meet a 40-day deadline to start implementing the network, which would be implemented over a period of 1 to 4 years. 1930 Philippine was first linked to the outside world via radio telephone services to the United States and other parts of the world. 1940 World War II The war interrupted the radio telephone services due to destruction of communication infrastructure. After the war, with the massive aid of the U.S. to the Philippines, PLDT recovered so quickly that its telephone subscribers outpaced that of pre-war levels by 1953. 1968 Ramon Cojuango Era PLDT became a Filipino-controlled corporation after a group of Filipino entrepreneurs and businessman led by Ramon Cojuangco brought the shares of American telecom company, GTE on December 20, 1967.  1970 Martial Law PLDT was nationalized by the Government of then- President Ferdinand Marcos. PLDT was permitted to operate during the Martial Law. 1981 In compliance of then existing policy of the Philippine government to integrate the Philippine telecom industry, purchased substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Republic Telephone Company, becoming the country’s telephone monopoly. In the Martial Law years, people would apply for phone service only to wait for years and years on end behind an impossibly long application backlog. 1986 Tonyboy Cojuango Era After President Marcos was overthrown, the company was re-privatized and Cojuangco’s son, Antonio “Tonyboy” Cojuanco, Jr. became Chief Executive. 1988 Cellular Telephone Network On March 16, 1988, PLDT launched the country’s first cellular telephone network to enable the public use of mobile phones. 1993 Birth of the Philippine Internet On June 1993, with the support of the Department of Science and Technology and the Industrial Research Foundation, the Philnet project (now PHNET ) was born. 3 representatives from Ateneo, DLSU, and UP played a role in connecting the Philippines to the world wide web. Dr. William Torres became the “Grandfather of Philippine Internet” for bringing and campaigning the country’s adaptation of the internet as early as 1992. 1994 Our First Internet Connection Benjie Tan, who was working for ComNet established Philippines’ first connection to the Internet at a PLDT network center in Makati City. March 29, 1994 at exactly 1:15 AM (PH time), the router (Cisco 7000) that connected the Philippines to the Internet was switched on! Unfortunately, 2 days late due to slight technical difficulties, the Philippines was finally connected to the internet via SprintLink at Stockton California. On March 29, 1994, 10:18 AM, Dr. John Brule, a professor in Syracuse University, announced “We’re In” at his International Email Conference at the University of San Carlos in Cebu with 64 Kbit/s connection. 2006 SMART Telecommunications introduced “Smart 3G”, the first in the Philippines. 2011 Philippine was named “Social Networking Capital of the World” with a percentage of 93.9 for Facebook alone. 2012 On September 12, 2012, The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 was officially recorded as Republic Act No. 10175, approved by President Benigno Aquino III. 2013 The Massive Growth of the Country’s Mobile Networks Our Mobile Cellular Subscriptions reach 102 million. 2014 Fastest Growing Connections The Philippines named fastest growing internet population in the last five years with a growth of 531%. Number of Philippine Internet users at 38 million out of a population of 100 million. 2017 Internet Connection Population Penetration 119M Mobile Phone Subscriptions in the Country (117% Penetration Rate) 95% Prepaid Greater 10% Broadband Subscription 55% Mobile Broadband Subscription 80% Subscribed to the Lowest Speed Plans (1-3 MBPS) Currently, we have one of the highest digital populations in the world. The Internet user growth rate shows no signs of slowing down. References: R. Tayuan & M. Eleazer (2019), Living in the Information Technology Era. C&E Publishing, Inc. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/living-in-the-it-era-lesson-1pptx/260562410 https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/01-introduction-to-information-and-communication-technologypdf/257417355 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pxEix1G_cs Scripture Reading: For we are God’s handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do. Ephesians 2:10 (NIV)