Irrigation Engg Sagar Dodeja Sir.pdf

Irrigation Engineering CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES ~ Session : 2022-23 ~ Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY Education Private Limited www.madeeasy.in CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO IRRIGATION & METHODS OF IRRIGATION CONTENTS Students should write this after chapter co...

Irrigation Engineering CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES ~ Session : 2022-23 ~ Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY Education Private Limited www.madeeasy.in CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO IRRIGATION & METHODS OF IRRIGATION CONTENTS Students should write this after chapter completion. This provides with overall view & acts as a tool for active recalling.  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 2 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 3 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 4 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 5 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 6 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 7 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 8 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 9 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 10 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 11 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 12 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 13 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 14 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 15 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 16 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 17 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 18 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 19 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 20 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 21 Introduction to Irrigation & Methods of Irrigation Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED CHAPTER 2 WATER LOGGING & QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER CONTENTS Students should write this after chapter completion. This provides with overall view & acts as a tool for active recalling.  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 23 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 24 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 25 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 26 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 27 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 28 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 29 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 30 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 31 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 32 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 33 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 34 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 35 Water Logging & Quality of Irrigation Water Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED CHAPTER 3 WATER REQUIREMENT FOR CROPS CONTENTS Students should write this after chapter completion. This provides with overall view & acts as a tool for active recalling.  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 37 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 38 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 39 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 40 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 41 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 42 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 43 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 44 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 45 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 46 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 47 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 48 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 49 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 50 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 51 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 52 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 53 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 54 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 55 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 56 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 57 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 58 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 59 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 60 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 61 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 62 Water Requirement for Crops Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED CHAPTER 4 DESIGN OF CANALS CONTENTS Students should write this after chapter completion. This provides with overall view & acts as a tool for active recalling.  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 64 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 65 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 66 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 67 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 68 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 69 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 70 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 71 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 72 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 73 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 74 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 75 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 76 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 77 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 78 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 79 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 80 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 81 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 82 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 83 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 84 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 85 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 86 Design of Canals Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF GRAVITY DAMS CONTENTS Students should write this after chapter completion. This provides with overall view & acts as a tool for active recalling.  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 88 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 89 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 90 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 91 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 92 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 93 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 94 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 95 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 96 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 97 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 98 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 99 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 100 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 101 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 102 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 103 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 104 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 105 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 106 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 107 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 108 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 109 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 110 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 111 Analysis of Gravity Dams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  CHAPTER-6 Conveyance & Regulating Structure for Canals  CONVEYANCE & REGULATING CONVEYANCE STRUCTURES STRUCTURES FOR CANALS FOR CANALS By Sagar Dodeja, Ex. IES Irrigation Engineering 1 2 The canal has to carry the water across the 1. Structures for crossing canals water bodies as well as across artificial across roads and railway lines obstacles like railway line or roads. Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals These are structural elements to convey canal water The main structures of a canal system for under roads or railway lines. For small roads, carrying conveyance of canal flow and control of water relatively less traffic, the pipe conduit is sufficient. A levels are as follows - general view of the pipe conduit is shown – 1. Pipe conduits (or culverts) and inverted MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 syphons to carry flow under railways and highways. 2. Aqueducts, syphon aqueducts, super-passage, canal siphon or level crossings across natural drainage courses or other depressions. 3. Transitions at changes in cross sections. Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED 3 4 PAGE 113  CULVERTS/PIPE CONDUITS WITH A DROP CULVERTS/PIPE CONDUITS WITHOUT A DROP Irrigation Engineering 5 6 The inverted syphons 2. Structures for crossing canals across are structures for canal water natural streams (cross drainage works) conveyance below roads, railway lines Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals and other structures. These structural elements are required for conveying The longitudinal the canals across natural drainage. profile is not exactly For larger streams and river, where the cost of in a straight line and the central portion is diversion becomes costlier than providing a separate seen to sag beneath cross-drainage work, individual structures to cross the the object to be canal across the stream is provided. MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 crossed. The inverted syphon, The notations used in the figures are as follows – therefore, is (a) CBL: Canal Bed Level; provided where the water level in the (b) SBL: Stream Bed Level; canal is about the (c) FSL: Canal Full Supply Level; and same as the level of the obstruction. (d) HFL: Stream High Flood Level Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED 7 8 PAGE 114  Case 1 : Canal bed level is higher than stream Case 2 : HFL of the natural stream goes above high flood level. the bottom level of the canal, then the flow in the natural watercourse would be pressured and the sections are modified to form which are known as syphon aqueucts. Normal canal section is carried across the natural stream in the form of a bridge resting on piers and foundations. This type of structure is called as aqueduct. In this case, the flow is not under pressure, that is, it has a free surface exposed to atmospheric pressure. Irrigation Engineering 9 10 Layout of Aqueducts & Syphon Aqueducts Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 11 12 Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED PAGE 115  Case 3 : SBL is above FSL Case 4 : FSL is above SBL and below HFL When the canal passes below the trough as a If the canal water flows with a free surface, pressure flow, then it is termed as a syphon or that is, without touching the bottom of the a canal syphon trough, it is called a super-passage Irrigation Engineering 13 14 Case 5 : Canal water at the same level as a View of Level Crossing natural stream Following structures may be used - 1. Level Crossing Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals Water of the stream is allowed to flow into the canal from one side and allowed to leave from the other Intermixing of canal water with drainage which results in change in sediment loads MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 in the waters Heave maintenance and operation cost of the gates 15 16 Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED PAGE 116  2. Inlet & Outlet 3. Transitions at changes in When a small drainage passes through a canal. Cross-Sections Inlet is a small opening to allow water into A transition is a local change in cross section which the canal produces a variation of flow from one uniform state Canal is designed accordingly to another due to changes in cross sections of the Outlet is an opening to allow water out of channel. the canal For a well designed transition, the optimum angle between the channel centre-line and a line joining the channel sides at the water line between the beginning and the end of the transition is about 14 degrees. The mentioned angle should not exceed 27.5 degrees in any case to maintain streamlined flow. Following are the common types of transitions - Irrigation Engineering 17 18 Mitra’s Hyperbolic Transition Assumptions - 1. The depth of flow is constant in the transition 2. The rate of change of velocity is constant in the transition Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED PAGE 117 19 20  Chaturvedi’s Semi-Cubical Chaturvedi’s Semi-Cubical Parabolic Transition Parabolic Transition Irrigation Engineering 21 22 TYPES OF AQUEDUCTS Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals Note that the design of CD Works is done as per IS 7784 Type 1 - The entire section of canal (without any MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 change in it) along with its earthen banks is carried across the drainage. There is no fluming of the canal section (i.e. no reduction in width) Recommended for small streams Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED PAGE 118 23 24  WORST CONDITIONS OF UPLIFT ON FLOOR Type 2 OF AQUEDUCT OR SYPHON AQUEDUCT Similar to type 1 but the outer slopes of the earthen canal banks are replaced by retaining The floor of the aqueduct or syphon-aqueduct is subjected to walls which reduces the length of the culvert while uplift due to two causes : the inner slopes of the canal are retained as (a) Uplift due to water-table - This force acts where the bottom earthen sections floor is depressed below the drainage bed, especially in syphon aqueducts. The maximum uplift under the worst condition would Type 3 occur when there is no water flowing in the drain and the The normal earthen banks of the canal are watertable has risen up to the drainage bed. replaced by a flumed trough of concrete or masonry Recommended for large streams Note that the classification of syphon aqueducts is also exactly in similar terms Irrigation Engineering 25 26 (b) Uplift due to seepage of water from the canal to the drainage - The maximum uplift due to this seepage occurs when the canal is running full and there is no water in the Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals drain. This seepage is maximum for unlined canals REGULATING STRUCTURES MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 FOR CANALS Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED 27 28 PAGE 119  1. Canal Falls - to lower the water level of the canal by controlling the bed grade. (control of bed grade) 2. Canal Escapes - to allow release of excess water from the canal system (control of discharge) 3. Cross & Head Regulators - to head up water in the parent channel & to divert some of it through an off take channel (control of FSL) Irrigation Engineering 29 30 1. Canal Falls Vertical Drop or Sarda-Type Fall Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals A canal has a designed longitudinal slope Falls with impact type energy dissipators but has to pass through an undulating Raised crest to head up water on the terrain. When a canal crosses an area that upstream has a larger natural surface slope, a canal MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 Water falls with an impact in a pool of drop, also called fall in India, has to be water on a depressed floor acting like a provided suitably at certain intervals cushion to dissipate excess energy of the fall. It was first tried in Sarda Canal in UP. Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED PAGE 120 31 32  Vertical Drop or Sarda-Type Fall Glacis Fall Irrigation Engineering 33 34 APPURTENANT STRUCTURES REQUIRED FOR SARDA & GLACIS FALL The floor of the fall should be able to Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals resist the uplift pressure Cut Off walls to be provided at upstream and downstream ends of the floor Side protection at the upstream & the MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 downstream with brick pitching Bed protection with dry brick pitching just upstream and downstream of the fall 35 36 Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED PAGE 121  Canal regulators These include the cross regulator (in the parent canal) and the head regulator (in the off-take canal) for controlling the flow through a parent canal They also help to maintain the water level in the canal on the upstream of the regulator. Irrigation Engineering 37 38 Canal Outlets or Modules Structures at the head of a water course or field Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals channel. Supply canal (distributary) is under the control of an irrigation authority under the State government. An outlet is a link connecting the government owned DEVICES MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 distributary and the cultivator owned field channel It should satisfy the needs of both the groups. Since equitable distribution of the canal supplies is dependent on the outlets, it must not only pass a known and constant quantity of water, but must also be able to measure the released water satisfactorily. Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED 39 40 PAGE 122  Outlet design should be easy & reliable TYPES OF OUTLETS/MODULES (a) Non-modular outlets Outlet should be robust enough such that it is These outlets operate in such a way that the flow not easily tampered with. passing through them is a function of the difference in The cost of an outlet structure should be low water levels of the distributing channel and the watercourse. Hence, a variation in either affects the It should work efficiently with a small working discharge. head (reason - since a larger working head Ex – Submerged Pipe Outlet, Open Sluice Outlet would require higher water level in the (b) Semi-modular outlets parent channel resulting in high cost of the The discharge through these outlets depend on the distribution system) water level of the distributing channel but is independent of the water level in the watercourse so long as the working head required for their working Irrigation Engineering is available. 41 42 The discharge through such outlet will therefore depend on the water level in the distributary. Ex – Kennedy’s Gauge Module or Venturi Flume, Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals Crump’s Adjustable Proportional Module(APM), Open Flume Outlet, Orifice semi-module outlet TYPICAL SUBMERGED PIPE NON MODULAR OUTLET (c) Rigid Modules/Modular outlets MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 The discharge through modular outlets is independent of the water levels in the distributing channel and the watercourse, within reasonable working limits. This type of TYPICAL SEMI MODULAR PIPE OUTLET outlets may or may not be equipped with moving parts. Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED 43 44 PAGE 123  Though modular outlets, like the Gibb’s module, Khanna’s Module, Foote’s Module have been designed and implemented earlier, they are not very common in the present Indian irrigation engineering scenario. Criteria for Judging the Performance of Modules Flexibility – It is the ratio of rate of change of discharge of the outlet to the rate of change of discharge of the distributary channel. Irrigation Engineering 45 46 If flexibility equals unity, the rate of change of discharge of outlet equals the rate of change of discharge of distributary. Such an outlet is said Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals to be Proportional Outlet. For hyper proportional outlet, F > 1 For sub proportional outlet, F < 1 The ratio of head on the outlet (h) to the full supply depth of distributary (y) is known as MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 Setting. Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED 47 48 PAGE 124  Sensitivity – It is defined as the ratio of rate of change of discharge through an outlet to the rate of change of water level of the distributary is called as Sensitivity. For rigid/non-flexible modules, the discharge is fixed and thus flexibility & sensitivity is zero. Irrigation Engineering 49 50 Modular Limit – The modular limits are Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals the extreme values of any one or more variables beyond which an outlet becomes incapable of acting as a module or semi- module. MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 The range between the extreme values of various such factors is known as modular range. Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED 51 52 PAGE 125  EMITTERS IN IRRIGATION Spray Emitter - In drip irrigation, emitter devices are used Releases water with a lot of energy beneath the Kind of an outlet surface Should be inexpensive & compact Converts in the form of spray Should not promote clogging More area is covered due to rotation Placed at a design spacing in the pipes For comparatively coarser textured soil Able to deliver light & frequent application of water Short path Emitter - Long Path Emitter - Behave like orifice emitters Flow occurs in a long flow path section. A characteristic short tube section Ensures laminar flow Very sensitive to pressure differences in the system Compensating Emitter - Provides a constant discharge over a wide range of Orifice Emitter - pressure Flow through these emitters is turbulent Many short and long path emitters are available in Irrigation Engineering Water flows through a small opening/orifice compensating types. 53 54 METERING FLUMES/METERS A structure constructed on the canal/channel for measuring discharge Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals There is excessive loss of head due to such constructions. Hence, not used nowadays. Types of Meter Flumes MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 1. VENTURI FLUME Open channel counterpart of venturimeter Gradually contracting portion, a throat & a gradually expanding portion Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED 55 56 PAGE 126  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 127 Conveyance and Regulating Structures for Canals THE END 58 Better than Venturi flume in this aspect Only one gauge observation is required Flow at the throat is critical A hydraulic jump is formed 57 2. STANDING WAVE FLUME Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED CHAPTER 7 THEORIES OF SEEPAGE CONTENTS Students should write this after chapter completion. This provides with overall view & acts as a tool for active recalling.  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 129 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 130 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 131 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 132 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 133 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 134 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 135 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 136 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 137 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 138 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 139 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 140 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 141 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 142 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 143 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 144 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 145 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 146 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  Irrigation Engineering MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 PAGE 147 Theories of Seepage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED  CHAPTER-8 River Engineering  RIVER ENGINEERING RIVER ENGINEERING RIVER RIVERBANK TRAINING PROTECTION WORKS WORKS By Sagar Dodeja, Ex.IES Irrigation Engineering River Engineering 1 2 RIVER TRAINING TYPES OF ALLUVIAL RIVERS River training implies certain measures to be adopted on a river to stabilise the river channel Aggrading Rivers - Bed slope rises slowly due along a certain alignment with a certain cross to deposition of silt section. When river has excess sediments and Required because they - sudden decrease in slope in some regions 1. Prevent outflanking of the hydraulic structures MADE EASY CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE NOTES Session 2022-23 2. Protect the river bank Sediments from a tributary 3. Provide a safe passage to pass flood Construction of dams/barrages 4. Contract a river channel to improve its depth for navigation Degrading Rivers - Bed level slowly 5. Control river bed configuration decreases due to scouring of bed 6. Prevent river from changing its course Usually the river portion d/s of a dam or barrage Faculty : Sagar Dodeja (Ex. IES) MADE EASY EDUCATION PRIVATE LIMITED PAGE 149 3 4  1. Plane Bed with no motion of sediment BEDFORMS IN A RIVER When 𝛕𝛕act ≤ 𝛕𝛕cr As we discussed in Design of Canals, there is Froude Number is less than 1 bed load, suspended load which comprises total sediment load. Smooth Surface The bed load movement/transportation