Iron: Absorption, Deficiency, and More PDF

IRON Introduction Total content of iron in adult body is 3-5 g 70% of this occurs in the erythrocytes of the blood 5% of the body iron is present in the myoglobin of muscle Heme proteins of iron: hemoglobin, myoglobin, catalase….., Non-heme proteins of iron: Transferrin, Ferritin Recommended D...

IRON Introduction Total content of iron in adult body is 3-5 g 70% of this occurs in the erythrocytes of the blood 5% of the body iron is present in the myoglobin of muscle Heme proteins of iron: hemoglobin, myoglobin, catalase….., Non-heme proteins of iron: Transferrin, Ferritin Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and Sources RDA Food Sources Adult man: 10 mg/day Rich sources: Organ meats ( liver, kidney…,) Menstruating woman: 18 mg/day Good sources: Leafy vegetables, pulses…., Pregnant &lactating woman: 40 mg/day Poor sources: Milk, wheat Absorption, Storage, and Transport 1 Absorption 2 Storage 3 Transport Iron is absorbed in the Iron is stored in liver, Iron is transported in duodenum and jejunum bone marrow, spleen as the blood bound to ferritin transferrin. Transferrin gives iron to cells that Ferritin- Temporary need it, such as red storage form of iron in blood cells, muscle mucosal cells cells, and liver cells. Hemosiderin-Can hold 35% of iron by weight Factors affecting iron (Fe) absorption 1. Acidity, ascorbic acid, alcohol, cysteine promote iron absorption 2. In iron deficiency anemia Fe absorption is increased to 2- 10 times that of normal 3. Phytate and oxalate interfere with iron absorption 4. A diet with high posthate content decreases iron absorption while low phosphate promotes Mucosal block theory Homeostasis of iron in the body is maintained by regulating iron absorption not by its excreation When iron stores in the body are less it's absorption is increased If iron stores are adequate then absorption is decreased this unique phenomenon of regulating iron absorption-mucosal block theory Iron is a One-Way Substance It is very efficiently utilized and reutilezed by the body Fe losses from the Fe is not excreated into Fe entry into the body body are minimal urine is controlled at which may occur absorption level through bile, sweat, dependi hair loss…, Diseased States of Fe IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA Most prevalent nutritional disorder factors contributing to IDA 1. Inadequate intake of iron 2.Repeated pregnancies 3.Moreover strict vegetarians more prone for IDA Treatment : supplimentation of Fe along with folic acid and vitamin c  Hemochromatosis Fe is directly deposited in the tissues Hemosiderosis sometimes accompoined by hemochromatosis Hemosiderosis Manifestations: Frequently referred to as iron toxicity 1. Bronze pigmentation of skin Commonly observed in subjects receiving 2. Cirrhosis of liver repeated blood transfusion over the years 3. Pancreatic fibrosis Ex- Patients of hemolytic anemia, hemophilia 4. Hemochromotosis causes acondition Excessive iron is deposited as ferritin and known as bronze diabetes hemosiderin Commonly observed in BANTU tribe in south africa