IoT Study Material PDF

INTERNET-OF-THINGS (IOT) Dr. Pankaj Pathak  No Cars No Inventory No Real Estate 2  DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ❑Digital Transformation? ❑Today there are more smart devices than there are people:  Many people are connected to the Internet 24 hours a day.  By 2025 each consu...

INTERNET-OF-THINGS (IOT) Dr. Pankaj Pathak  No Cars No Inventory No Real Estate 2  DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ❑Digital Transformation? ❑Today there are more smart devices than there are people:  Many people are connected to the Internet 24 hours a day.  By 2025 each consumer will have 6.58 smart devices. ❑Modern digital networks make all of this possible ❑Digital transformation is the application of digital technology to provide the stage for business and industry to innovate. THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION  KEY TRENDS IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION BY TECHNOLOGY Key Trend Key Players Technologies Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been the Alphabet Inc.(Google), Apple Inc., fastest growing technology in recent past. Microsoft Corp, IBM, Nvidia Corp. and Artificial Intelligence Amazon Market for 5G network is expected to AT&T Inc., Verizon Communications Inc., revolutionize the domain of various Cisco Systems Inc., ZTE Corp. broadband services and empower Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., 5G Network connectivity across end-user verticals Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson Nokia Networks, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. Market for IoT is expected to grow at a IBM Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, positive rate adding fuel to the next Intel Corporation, Cisco Systems, Inc., Internet of Things (IoT) industrial revolution of intelligent and Google Inc connectivity Cloud computing will continue to be an key Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, target for enterprises looking for increased Google Cloud Platform, IBM, Dell Cloud Computing scalability, business continuity and cost Technologies, Hewlett-Packard efficiency in near future. Enterprise, Vmware, Salesforce, Adobe  KEY INDUSTRIES DRIVING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION MARKET Healthcare Education Banking, Financial Services & Insurance Digital transformation brings revolution in Digital transformation in the education COVID-19 not only accelerated digital the healthcare industry. industry has picked a new momentum. adoption, but also been a litmus test for banks’ digital infrastructures. Opportunities Opportunities ✓Need for automation of patient and staff- ✓Growing trend of digitalized classroom Opportunities related big data ✓Demand for video based learning ✓Increasing adoption of smart devices ✓Growing trend for tele consultation ✓Increasing popularity of EdTech Firms ✓Growing digital payments ✓Focus on business continuity by ✓Rise of digital currencies trend facilitating remote care ✓Growing demand for smart devices for better learning experience ✓Use of big data tools to analyze a large ✓Demand for quick diagnosis and faster amount of financial data treatment and focus towards patient care with zero human error ✓Increasing investment in fintech Challenges Challenges ✓Resistance to change Challenges ✓Complex infrastructures and difficult ✓Budget constraints ✓Resistance to change across educational system integration of legacy systems and ✓Governance institutions new technology ✓Lack of digital skills ✓Lack of skill, knowledge, and personnel ✓Lack of qualified personnel to manage ✓Budget limits digital transformations ✓Inadequate network infrastructure ✓Increased costs for equipment and services  KEY INDUSTRIES CONTINUED… Retail Automotive Media Entertainment Post pandemic outbreak, the global retail Rapid digitization is transforming hardware- Media and entertainment industry is going industry is undergoing a rapid driven automotive sector to a software & through a major transformation. transformation. solutions-focused industry. Opportunities Opportunities Opportunities ✓Rise of the subscription economy ✓Increasing number of smartphone users ✓Focus on electric vehicles, new mobility ✓Growing demand for Subscription-based to access internet services, multi-modality, artificial VoD services ✓Rising m-commerce in e-tail industry intelligence, and autonomous vehicles ✓Increase in smart devices, Internet ✓Rise of omnichannel retail ✓Robust technology investments from penetration and craze for social media automotive companies makes the content available anywhere, anytime Challenges Challenges ✓Growing trend of live streaming ✓Concern about new cybersecurity risks ✓Budget/resource constraints ✓Adoption of digital technology without compromising safety and security Challenge ✓Legacy technology interoperability ✓Government regulations ✓Companies need to mitigate cyber risks ✓Intense competition ✓Changing consumer preference ✓Battle for best content ✓Changing user expectation UNDERSTANDING DIGITAL CLIENT AND ADOPTING NEW STRATEGIES It's the customer who is in the driver’s seat. The digital technology has transformed consumer B2B sales teams need to replace cold habits. calling with social selling. Using social media platforms to tap customers and build a relationship through sharing relevant content and expertise as part of a solution to problem. ✓ Smart electronic devices, digital apps, and automation has enabled the customers to get what they want at the moment they Marketing teams need to reduce need it. spending on offline marketing activities Focusing on digital channels and implementation ✓ The digital wave have caused a shift of search engine marketing, account-based marketing and email marketing strategies in customer expectations, resulting a modern buyer who is constantly connected, app- native, and aware of the digital revolution. Customer service teams needs to be ✓ Owing to the opportunities that rise from proactive in the way to help customers modern technology usage, customers rate Social media, reviews sites, forums, and organizations on the basis of digital communities are all now part of the customer service eco-system. experience first. DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY North America region is expected to dominate the global digital transformation market in near future Market share by region Major factors attributing to the growth include the growing demand for digital transformation solutions across various industries, Increasing internet penetration, and the rapid adoption of online payment modes. Additionally, presence of key players in the region such as Microsoft Corp., IBM Corp., and Google amongst others is the factor that accounts for the large market Others, share. 8.10% Europe region is expected to witness a steady growth United Key growth driver is implementation of digital solutions gaining momentum across various industries, including healthcare, BFSI, manufacturing, automotive, media & entertainment, and States, retail, among others. However, an increasing number of cyber-attacks, security breached, and 34.30% growing privacy concerns might slow down the growth of Europe digital transformation market Asia Asia Pacific region is expected to grow at faster pace Pacific, The region to witness rapid technological developments, increasing awareness about benefits of 36.80% the cloud are the key factors that will push small and medium businesses to adopt digitization. Additionally, this trend of digital transformation is expected to increase the region's market share. Developing nations: Business Hotspots Promising digitization initiatives by government in developing countries might add to Europe, growth of global digital transformation market 20.80% ✓ Government of India’s digital initiatives such as AADHAAR (citizen identification program), Digital payments (BHIM), and direct benefit transfer (DBT), e-health, e-education (SWAYAM), digital farming, and digitization of internal law enforcement agencies and other smart initiatives will continue to promote a robust growth in digital transformation. United States Europe Asia Pacific Others ✓ The Singapore government is providing platforms for co-creation access to more than 3,000 government datasets and released more than 110 smartphone applications for its citizens. FOCUS POINTS BEFORE TAKING A MOVE Understand Identify your Gauge where competitive relative you can gain Prioritize gaps and strengths and a competitive Investments threats to weakness advantage your business INTERNET-OF-THINGS VISION & GROWTH INDUSTRY 1.0 TO INDUSTRY 5.0  INTERNET OF THINGS System of interrelated computing devices, objects, animals and people Providing with UIDS Ability to transfer data over the network Things can be ✓ Person with heart monitor implant ✓Animal with biochip transponder ✓Automobile with built-in sensors ✓Any object that can be assigned an IP address and which able to transfer data ✓IoT can give a “brain” and “voice” to any object to collect and exchange information.  Why IoT Now? There are three main reasons: ▪ Lower (and falling) technology prices ▪ Advanced connectivity ▪ Advanced analytics APPLICATIONS IOT APPLICATIONS  APPLICATIONS Smart Home Automation Smart Buildings Industrial IoT and Smart Factories Smart Cities Smart Grid Smart Cars Stores and Services Medical Diagnosis and Surgery Aircraft Auto-Pilot  BENEFITS OF IOT Data Collection and Insights Automation and Efficiency Improved Decision Making Enhanced Customer Experience Predictive Maintenance and Asset Management Safety and Security Remote Monitoring and Control  THE INTERNET OF THINGS PARTNER ECOSYSTEM Refers to the collaborative network of organizations, companies, and individuals that work together to create, deliver, and support IoT solutions. It involves various stakeholders who bring their expertise, resources, and capabilities to enable the development and implementation of IoT projects. key players Device and Sensor Manufacturers: Connectivity Providers: IoT Platform Providers: System Integrators: Cloud Service Providers: Data Analytics and Service Providers: Application Developers: Security Providers: Industry-Specific Partners COMPONENTS OF IoT Smart systems and IoT are driven by 1. Sensors/Actuators 2. Connectivity 3. Processors 4. User Interface CHARACTERISTICS OF IOT DEVICES ▪ Self Adapting (ex. Surveillance camera) ▪Interoperable communication protocol ▪Unique identity ▪Integrated to information network IOT DEVICE EXAMPLES A home automation device that allows remotely monitoring the status of appliances and controlling the appliances. An industrial machine which sends information about its operation and health monitoring data to a server. A car which sends information about its location to a cloud- based service. A wireless-enabled wearable device that measures data about a person such as the number of steps walked and sends the data to a cloud-based service. INTERNET-OF-THINGS (IOT) COMPONENTS Physical object (“thing”) + Controller (Brain) + Sensors + Actuators + Networks (Internet) INTERNET-OF-THINGS (IOT)  PHYSICAL DESIGN OF IOT The "Things" in IoT usually refers to IoT devices which have unique identities and can perform remote sensing, actuating and monitoring capabilities. IoT devices can:  Exchange data with other connected devices and applications (directly or indirectly), or Collect data from other devices and process the data locally or Send the data to centralized servers or cloud-based application back-ends for processing the data, or Perform some tasks locally and other tasks within the IoT infrastructure, based on temporal and space constraints IOT Protocol- how the data is sent physically over the network layer LOGICAL DESIGN OF IOT Logical design of an IoT system refers to an abstract representation of the entities and processes without going into the low-level specifics of the implementation. An IoT system comprises of a number of functional blocks that provide the system the capabilities for identification, sensing, actuation, communication, and management. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR IOT WSN ⚫ Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors ⚫ These are similar to wireless ad hoc networks in the sense that they rely on wireless connectivity and spontaneous formation of networks ⚫ The WSN is built of "nodes" – from a few to several hundreds or even thousands, where each node is connected to one (or sometimes several) sensors. Elements of WSN ⚫ A typical wireless sensor network can be divided into two elements. They are: ⚫ Sensor Node ⚫ Network Architecture  Sensor Node ⚫ A Sensor Node in a WSN consists of four basic components. They are: ⚫ Power Supply ⚫ Sensor ⚫ Processing Unit ⚫ Communication System Network Architecture ⚫ Networking of these sensor node is very important. ⚫ A sensor node in a WSN not only communicates with other sensor nodes but also with a Base Station (BS) using wireless communication. ⚫ a base station performs simple data processing and sends the updated information to the user using internet. Communication architecture ⚫ Single-hop ⚫ Multi-hop How ad hoc sensor networks operate ⚫ work in a cluster – For the tiny sensors to coordinate among themselves to achieve a large sensing task in a less power consumption – Each cluster assigns a cluster head to manage its sensors. ⚫ advantages： – Clustering allows sensors to efficiently coordinate their local interactions in order to achieve global goals; – Scalability; – More efficient resource utilization; – Lower energy consumption; and – Robust link VANET Roadside base station Emergency event Inter-vehicle communications Vehicle-to-roadside communications VANETs Communication modes – Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) among vehicles – Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), between vehicles and Road-Side Units (RSUs) – Vehicle-to-X (V2X), mixed V2V-V2I approach V2V RSU V2I V2I V2V RSU  IoT Based Traffic Management System ⚫ Important Features ⚫ Finding an emergency path for an emergency situation is easy. ⚫ This IoT project can be used anywhere. ⚫ Can identify traffic violator at night. ⚫ It shows green light only for an ambulance, fire truck, or emergency vehicle. Smart Irrigation system REMOTE MACHINE MONITORING (JCB) - VODAFONE Vodafone's IoT solutions helped construction equipment manufacturer JCB automate the monitoring of its machinery. This helped it maintain the health of the machinery and reduce down-time, making it a Ready Business Business Problem Since construction equipment is very expensive to monitor and maintain, JCB felt the need for quick, reliable information for better upgrades and upkeep. They devised the Livelink telematics system to help stay connected to their machine fleets. JCB needed a strong partner to power Livelink for remote monitoring and management. JCB  REMOTE MACHINE MONITORING (JCB) - VODAFONE Solution Offered M2M Modules Deployed in Loaders Two Fuel Sensor – Detection of Fuel (high Vodafone developed & deployed a robust IoT solution to power Livelink. This helped monitor and provide information on service, and low), Water in Fuel operation and security of the JCB equipment. Three Engine Sensor – Engine On and Off, Automotive-grade SIM cards for improved efficacy and longevity were provided. Engine Temperature and Engine Pressure Two Temperature Sensor – Engine Coolant The Vodafone IoT Managed Connectivity Platform makes it easy for JCB to make large scale IoT deployments. Temperature and Engine Oil Temperature Secure connectivity was ensured to prevent any misuse Two Pressure Sensor – Engine Oil Pressure and Engine Coolant Pressure One GPS – GPS Co-ordinates Classification of Wireless Sensor Networks ⚫ Static and Mobile WSN ⚫ Deterministic and Nondeterministic WSN ⚫ Single Base Station and Multi Base Station WSN ⚫ Static Base Station and Mobile Base Station WSN ⚫ Single-hop and Multi-hop WSN ⚫ Self – Reconfigurable and Non – Self – Configurable WSN ⚫ Homogeneous and Heterogeneous WSN Overview (Cont.) Characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks ⚫ Requirements: small size, and low cost. Constrained by – Energy, computation, and communication ⚫ Small size implies small battery ⚫ Low cost & energy implies low power CPU, radio with minimum bandwidth and range ⚫ Ad-hoc deployment implies no maintenance or battery replacement Overview (Cont.) Lifetime ⚫ Nodes are battery-powered ⚫ Nobody is going to change the batteries. So, each operation brings the node closer to death. "Lifetime is crucial!” To save energy: ⚫ Sleep as much as possible. ⚫ Use data fusion and compression. ⚫ Transmit and receive only if necessary. Receiving is just as costly as sending. SMART FRIDGE HOW DOES MY FRIDGE DO THAT? You are leaving the home (sense user) There’s no milk in fridge (sense object) Use this information to make a decision (process) Inform user about decision (communicate) HOW DOES MY FRIDGE DO THAT? You are leaving the home (sense user)  What type of sensor?  Identify other contexts (e.g., store hours) There’s no milk in fridge (sense object) Use this information to make a decision (process) Inform user of decision (notify) HOW DOES MY FRIDGE DO THAT? You are leaving the home (sense user) There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)  What type of sensor?  Is milk needed?  No milk or “little” milk? (prediction) Use this information to make a decision (process) Inform user of decision (notify) HOW DOES MY FRIDGE DO THAT? You are leaving the home (sense user) There’s no milk in fridge (sense object) Use this information to make a decision (process)  Where is processor?  What are the rules?  Fixed rules versus dynamic rules (learning) Inform user of decision (notify) HOW DOES MY FRIDGE DO THAT? You are leaving the home (sense user) There’s no milk in fridge (sense object) Use this information to make a decision (process) Inform user of decision (notify)  How?  When?  Privacy? INTERNET-OF-THINGS (IOT)  COMMUNICATION MODEL Communication protocol is the backbone of IoT system which enable network connectivity and coupling the applications. Protocols allows devices to exchange the data over the network. Protocols defines the data exchange formats, data encoding, addressing schemes for routing of packets from source to destination. Communication protocols also monitors the sequence control and flow control function while transmission of information. These protocols uses different model like request-response, publisher- subscriber, push-pull, and exclusive pair model. REQUEST-RESPONSE MODEL (COMMUNICATION MODEL) REQUEST-RESPONSE MODEL 1. Request-Response Model Example: Smart Home Thermostat Scenario: A user wants to check and adjust the temperature in their home using a smart thermostat. How It Works: The user sends a request from their smartphone to the thermostat to get the current temperature (request). The thermostat responds with the current temperature data (response). If the user decides to change the temperature, they send another request with the new temperature setting, and the thermostat confirms the adjustment (response). REQUEST-RESPONSE MODEL 1. Request-Response Model Example: Smart Home Thermostat Scenario: A user wants to check and adjust the temperature in their home using a smart thermostat. How It Works: The user sends a request from their smartphone to the thermostat to get the current temperature (request). The thermostat responds with the current temperature data (response). If the user decides to change the temperature, they send another request with the new temperature setting, and the thermostat confirms the adjustment (response). Example: Smart Lock System PUBLISH-SUBSCRIBE MODEL PUBLISHER-SUBSCRIBER MODEL Example: Environmental Monitoring System Scenario: An environmental monitoring system collects data on air quality, temperature, and humidity from various sensors spread across a city. How It Works: Sensors (publishers) send data on air quality, temperature, and humidity to a central topic in a cloud-based service. Applications or users interested in this data (subscribers) subscribe to the topic and receive real-time updates whenever new data is published. Example: Smart Agriculture System PUSH-PULL MODEL PUSH-PULL MODEL Example: Smart Retail Inventory Management Scenario: A smart retail store tracks inventory levels using sensors on shelves. How It Works: Sensors on the shelves push data about inventory levels into a message queue. An inventory management system pulls this data from the queue to analyze stock levels, automatically placing orders for new stock when levels are low, and ensuring shelves are always stocked. Example: Industrial Equipment Monitoring EXCLUSIVE PAIR MODEL EXCLUSIVE PAIR MODEL Example: Connected Medical Devices Scenario: A patient uses a wearable medical device that monitors their heart rate and other vital signs. How It Works: The medical device establishes a direct and secure communication link with a doctor's monitoring system. This exclusive pair ensures that sensitive health data is transmitted securely and only accessible to the patient's healthcare provider for monitoring and analysis. Example: Secure ATM Cash Management System MONITOR THE QUALITY OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS DATA CENTER (TATA COMM.) AND IOT PROJECT SURYA BY VODAFONE TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE Which of the following is NOT a key driver of digital transformation? A) Increasing customer expectations B) Regulatory compliance requirements C) Improved staff training programs D) Advances in technology TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE What is the primary benefit of using a cloud-based infrastructure in digital transformation? A) Enhanced security and privacy B) Unlimited data storage C) Scalability and flexibility D) Lower hardware costs TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE Digital disruption refers to: A) Minor technological updates in business operations B) Fundamental changes in business models due to new digital technologies C) Temporary interruptions in digital services D) Enhancements in traditional marketing strategies TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE What role do digital platforms play in digital disruption? A) They act as intermediaries reducing direct customer engagement B) They enable new business models by connecting different market participants C) They focus on physical product distribution D) They limit the scalability of digital services TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE In the context of digital disruption, what is a "disruptive innovation"? A) A new technology that enhances existing products B) An innovation that significantly alters or replaces existing industries or markets C) A minor upgrade to current technology D) A temporary trend that impacts business operations IOT LEVELS ▪An IoT ecosystem can be designed on different levels. ▪ Each level is fundamentally a roadmap of how to deploy the components of the IoT ecosystem. LEVEL 1 smart home. LEVEL 2 smart factory. LEVEL 3 Smart industry.  LEVEL 4 courier tracking system. LEVEL 5 forest fire detection system LEVEL 6 weather monitoring system