IoE-Lec1 PDF

INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) INTERNET OF EVERYTHING (IOE) Dr Nuwan Kuruwitaarachchi [email protected] Overview ¨ This module is an introduction to IoE fundamental concepts and its application. ¨ We will discuss the IoE components and their functionalities. ¨ T...

INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) INTERNET OF EVERYTHING (IOE) Dr Nuwan Kuruwitaarachchi [email protected] Overview ¨ This module is an introduction to IoE fundamental concepts and its application. ¨ We will discuss the IoE components and their functionalities. ¨ There are a set of lab experiments to give you some idea about the real world implementation of IoE Evolution of the Internet ¨ Phase1: Connectivity-Digitize access to Information: ¤ Email ¤ Web Browser ¤ Search ¨ Phase 2: Networked Economy-Digitize Business Process: ¤ E-commerce ¤ Digital Supply Chain ¤ Collaboration ¨ Phase 3: Collaborative Experience ¤ Social ¤ Mobility ¤ Cloud ¤ Video ¨ Phase 4: Internet of Everything ¤ People ¤ Proccess ¤ Data ¤ Things Internet of Everythings ¨ The Internet of Everything (IoE) is the network of physical objects accessed through the Internet, as defined by technology analysts and visionaries. ¨ These objects contain embedded technology to interact with internal states or the external environment. In other words, when objects can sense and communicate, it changes how and where decisions are made, and who makes them. Connecting the unconnected ¨ There are currently 1.5 devices for every human being on the planet. ¨ Sensors, smart objects, and other devices are some example of devices connecting through the reach and power of the Internet. ¨ They are dynamically generating, analyzing, and communicating intelligence to increase operational efficiency, power new business models, and improve quality of life. Importance of IoE ¨ The IoE is connecting new places–such as manufacturing floors, energy grids, healthcare facilities, and transportation systems–to the Internet. ¨ When an object can represent itself digitally, it can be controlled from anywhere. This connectivity means more data, gathered from more places, with more ways to increase efficiency and improve safety and security. IoT vs. IoE ¨ IoT (Internet of Things): is formed by billion objects (Things) connected to Internet. ¨ IoE (Internet of Everything): is a smart network that bring together people, process, data and things. Effects of IoE ¨ Network of Networks ¤ PAN ¤ LAN ¤ MAN ¤ WAN ¨ the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system (n2) (Metcalfe Law) ¨ Exponential Growth ¨ http://www.submarinecablemap.com People, Process, Data and Things Source: Cisco Networking Academy People ¨ Today examples of People connected to Internet via devices and social networks ¤ PCs ¤ Tablets ¤ TVs ¤ Smart Phones ¤ Facebook ¤ Instagram … People ¨ In future: ¤ Sensors to report the health of digestive system ¤ Sensors on skin and cloth for human essential’s sings. “People themselves will become nodes on Internet, with both static information and a constantly omitting activity system” Process ¨ Process is happening between all Pillars in the IOE ¨ Connections are valuable only if we have correct process. ¨ Deliver right information to the right person in the right time in a most relevant way. Data ¨ Data is collected by people and Things ¨ IoT sends raw data over the Internet to a central source. ¨ In IoE higher level information will be send back for evaluation and decision making. ¨ Transformation from Data to Information Things ¨ Any hardware that is connected to internet and each other. ¨ They sense data and provide information ¨ Example of “Things” in IOE ¤ Disposable sensors Connections Source: M2M.com, Surinder Dhar Connections ¨ Machine-to-Machine (M2M) ¤ M2M connections are represented by technical capabilities in the Internet of Things and sensors. M2M connections are typically present in tracking physical assets, optimizing operations through sensor data and monitoring systems or machines remotely. ¨ Machine-to-People (M2P) ¤ M2P connections are characterized by technical capabilities in analytics and include such elements as information dashboards and the ability to use large amounts of data. ¨ People-to-People (P2P) ¤ P2P connections are represented by technical capabilities such as workforce collaboration, including unified communications and expert Things Connected to Internet Source: Cisco IBSG Change ¨ More exchange of information, data and ideas. ¨ Changes in communication, collaboration, teaching, learning, politics,… ¨ Business and Government ¤ Example: Barcelona A Smart City ¤ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCbvxb5t5_8 ¨ Adopt or lose ¤ Example: Internet streaming and movie rental store IoE Attributes (Accelerating Innovation) ¨ Hyper-Aware ¤ Sense the location, status, and context of company assets and costumers ¤ Monitor costumer sentiment and behaviors in real time ¤ Identify market and competitive changes ¨ Ability to predict ¤ Anticipate market transition ¤ Optimize performance of assets and operations ¤ Foresee and proactively address emerging security threats ¨ Agility ¤ Achieve competitive differentiation by responding faster than rival ¤ Foster innovation by building “platforms” advantage ¤ Respond to rapidly evolving threats IoE Impacts ¨ People ¤ Things that were silent now have a voice ¨ Businesses ¤ New opportunities ¤ Optimization ¤ Efficiencies ¨ Countries ¤ Transparency How to increase IoE Value ¨ Investing in a high-quality technology infrastructure and tools - A secure and reliable network infrastructure is required to support the IoE. ¨ Adopting and following inclusive practices - An inclusive environment is one in which the employees of that environment feel as though they are part of the change. It is an open atmosphere where individuals feel that they are included. ¨ Developing effective information-management practices - Management must be able to embrace and promote change. Information sharing and management must be supported, and data extracting techniques must be developed so that the right information is provided at the right time, to the right people and things. Components of Network City 24/7 ¨ Public communications ¨ In collaboration with Cisco IBSG (Internet Business Solutions Group) and the city of New York ¨ Smart Screens are used to inform, protect and revitalize. Future of IoE Hear the World’s Heartbeat ¨ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdwBo7O8xFI ¨ Helps overcome biggest human challenges like: ¤ Environment issues ¤ Hunger ¤ Drinkable water … Sensors for smart world ¨ Sensors can be used in different environments: ¤ Cities ¤ Smart environment ¤ Smart water ¤ Smart metering ¤ Security and emergencies ¤ Retail ¤ Logistic ¤ Industrial control ¤ Smart agriculture ¤ Smart animal farming ¤ eHealth ¨ To read more about the smart sensors applications go to: http://www.libelium.com/top_50_iot_sensor_applications_ranking/ Communication Protocols ¨ BACnet ¨ LonWorks ¨ ModBus ¨ KNX ¨ ZigBee ¨ Z-Wave BACnet ¨ Building Automation and Control Networks (BACnet) was built from the ground up as an independent, royalty-free, open standard control and automation protocol. The standard committee was chaired by university professors until 2004, its goal was to harmonize data types and formats, data exchange primitives, and common application services. ¨ BACnet includes HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air- conditioning) applications, lighting control, fire control and alarm, security , and interfacing to utility companies. BACnet Technology ¨ BACnet focuses on the network layer and above. At the presentation layer, it uses ASN.1 syntax 1 for the definition of all data structures and messages (application protocol data units or APDUs). ¨ The BACnet transport layer adds routing information to these APDUs, and the resulting messages may be carried on top of virtually any link layer, using the adaptation functions provided by the BACnet network layer. LonWorks ¨ The LonWorks series of networking protocols were developed by Echelon R Corporation for the needs of control and automation applications and are now managed by the International trade group. ¨ The LonWorks platform was initially developed in an effort to move away from the proprietary centralized control model, where a central controller receives all measurements from remote sensors and sends all commands to remote actuators. ¨ In an effort to eliminate the controller as a single failure point and increase the efficiency and power of control systems, the LonWorks platform introduced a concept of “connection” enabling devices to exchange data directly, using a subscribe/notify model. LonWork Technology ¨ At the physical layer, the LonWorks platform is media independent; including media types for copper pairs (wires) and power lines, radio, infrared light, and optical fiber. ¨ The LonWorks platform is one of the most popular protocols for building and industrial automation, claiming over 90 million installed devices. ModBus ¨ Many protocols have been designed for the needs of industrial automation and metering. These protocols generally use simple query/response models and allow for extremely simple implementations. ¨ Serial communication protocols ¨ Published in 1979 for PLCs ¨ Reasons for using ModBus: ¤ developed with industrial applications in mind ¤ openly published and royalty-free ¤ easy to deploy and maintain ¤ moves raw bits or words without placing many restrictions on vendors KNX ¨ The Konnex (or KNX) Association was set up in 1999 on the merger between three former European associations promoting intelligent homes and buildings: ¤ Batibus Club International (BCI France) promoting the Batibus system; ¤ The European Installation Bus Association (EIBA) promoting the EIB system; ¤ European Home Systems Association (Holland) promoting the EHS system. ¨ The goal of the KNX Association was to define and offer certification services for the KNX open standard, while offering legacy support and certification services for Batibus, EIB 1 and EHS. ¨ Membership is limited to manufacturers, there are over 200 members from 22 countries as of 2010, including ABB, Agilent, Bosch, Electrolux, Hager, Legrand, Merten, Moeller, Schneider, Siemens and many more leading vendors of home and building automation equipment. ¨ KNX technology is royalty free for KNX members. KNX Technology ¨ Nodes can interact with other nodes without the need for a central controller. ¨ The protocol stack uses the OSI model with a null session and presentation layer. ¨ It is based on the original work of EIB, which is therefore backward compatible to KNX. KNX standardizes the protocol, but also the data model (EN 50 090-3-3, KNX volume 3/7) for basic types (integer and float values, percentage) and common device functions such as switching, dimming, blinds control, HVAC and so on. ZigBee ¨ The 802.15.4 standard provides a physical and link layer technology optimized for low bit rate, low duty cycle applications. However, in practice sensor and control applications also need a mesh networking layer, and a standard syntax for application layer messages. ¨ In 2002, several companies decided to form the ZigBee alliance to build the missing standard layers that would be required to enable a multivendor mesh network on top of 802.15.4 radio links. ¨ In 2008, the ZigBee alliance counted more than 200 members: ¤ Promoter members ¤ New candidates ¤ Adopters ZigBee ¨ The ZigBee alliance regularly organizes interop events, called ZigFests, and organize a developers conference twice a year. ¨ In order to ensure interoperability across vendors, the use of the ZigBee Compliant Platform (ZCP) certification and logo is reserved for products passing the ZigBee test suite, which includes interoperability tests with the “Golden units” (stacks from four reference implementations: Freescale, Texas Instruments, Ember, and Integration). ZigBee ¨ The deployment of many telecom standards either failed or was slowed down by multiple patent claims, many of which were not disclosed during the design phase of the standard. ¨ Every new member of the ZigBee alliance must sign a disclosure statement regarding patents that could potentially apply to ZigBee technology. Z-Wave ¨ The Z- wave protocol was designed by private company Zensys ( ww w.zen-sys.com ), based in the US and Denmark. ¨ Zensys is now a subsidiary of SIGMA Designs, a provider of system on chip (SoC) products for the multimedia and entertainment industry. ¨ Zensys started by introducing to the market, in 2001. ¨ Zensys customers appreciate that Z- wave offers approximately the same features as its standard competitor 802.15.4 (ZigBee), but with fewer interoperability issues (due to the multi- vendor nature of the ZigBee ecosystem), and an unlicensed frequency band (868 MHz) that is often perceived to be less problematic than the crowded 2.4 GHz band. ¨ Z- wave products are certified by Zensys or agreed labs, using tools provided by Zensys, which test various network management functionalities and assess the communication error rate (CER) of the device under test at various distances Challenges in IoE ¨ Security ¨ Privacy ¨ Reliability ¨ Open social and political discussions ¨ Network protocols ¨ Storage ¨ Analytics Questions ¨ Items that will potentially disappear from daily use within the next 25 years because of technological advancements. ¨ Which one describes IoE? 1. It is an application for connecting and configuring sensors. It is another term for the Internet. 2. It is an interconnection between people, data, process, and things to provide value. 3. It is a security protocol for social media. 4. It is a high-speed global cellular service that quickly connects people anywhere in the world. Self Study Laboratory Experiments ¨ Contiki OS ¤ Contiki is an Open Source Operating System that provides low-power Internet communication for Internet of Things devices. It also supports IPV6, IPV4, and low- power wireless standard. Laboratory Experiment ¨ XM1000: ¤ “The XM1000 is the new generation of mote modules, based on "TelosB" technical specifications, with upgraded 116Kb-EEPROM and 8Kb-RAM and integrated Temperature, Humidity and Light sensors”.