Invertebrates for Zoology PDF

Summary

This document provides an overview of invertebrate zoology, covering various phyla and their characteristics. It explores concepts like radial and bilateral symmetry, coelom development, and different invertebrate groups. It's geared towards students studying zoology or related life sciences.

Full Transcript

: KINGDOM THE INVERTEBRATES BILATERAL RADIAL GASTRULA DURING GASTRULATION STAGE In protostomes, blastopore becomes the mouth. In deuterostomes, blastopore becomes the anus. LOPHOPHORE TROCHOPHORE COREID BUG COREID BUG DURING ECDYSIS : KINGDOM THE INVERT...

: KINGDOM THE INVERTEBRATES BILATERAL RADIAL GASTRULA DURING GASTRULATION STAGE In protostomes, blastopore becomes the mouth. In deuterostomes, blastopore becomes the anus. LOPHOPHORE TROCHOPHORE COREID BUG COREID BUG DURING ECDYSIS : KINGDOM THE INVERTEBRATES :PORIFERA KINGDOM PHYLUM SPONGES Sessile with porous bodies and choanocytes No nerve or muscles, but the individual cells can sense and react to changes in the environment :PORIFERA KINGDOM PHYLUM SPONGES Most are hermaphrodites - gametes arise from choanocytes or amoebocytes They use regeneration to reproduce asexually :CNIDARIA KINGDOM PHYLUM JELLIES, CORALS etc. Have radial symmetry, gastrovascular cavity, and cnidocytes. Two basic body plans: Polyp and Medusa. :CNIDARIA KINGDOM PHYLUM JELLIES, CORALS etc. Muscles and nerves occur in their simplest forms Phylum Cnidaria is divided into 3 major classes :CNIDARIA KINGDOM PHYLUM JELLIES, CORALS etc. Hydrozoa (polyp and medusa, e.g. hydras) Scyphozoa (medusa, e.g. jellies) Anthozoa (polyp, e.g. sea anemones, most corals) ASEXUAL Polyp Planula Medusa Fertilization SEXUAL : KINGDOM PHYLUM CTENOPHORA COMB JELLIES Posses rows of ciliary plates and adhesive colloblast Ctenophora means “comb- bearer” - 8 rows of comblike plates composed of fused cilia Retractable Tentacle : KINGDOM PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES FLATWORMS Relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft bodied invertebrates Acoelomates, and having no specialized circulatory and respiratory organs… : KINGDOM PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES FLATWORMS Triploblastic - the middle embryonic tissue layer, mesoderm - contributes to the development of more complex organs and true muscles. : KINGDOM PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES FLATWORMS Have gastrovascular cavity with only one opening. (Tapeworms lack a digestive tract and absorb nutrients across their body surface) : KINGDOM PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES FLATWORMS Flatworms are divided into four classes: A. Turbellaria (free living) B. Monogenea C. Trematoda (flukes) D. Cestoidea (tapeworms) :ROTIFERA KINGDOM PHYLUM ROTIFERS Pseudocoelomates with jaws, crowns of cilia, and a complete digestive tract Parthenogenesis: some species consists only of females from unfertilized eggs :NEMERTEA KINGDOM PHYLUM PROBOSCIS WORMS A.K.A. Ribbon Worms Unique anterior proboscis surrounded by fluid-filled cavity – RHYNCHOCOEL Complete digestive tract Closed circulatory system Rhynchocoel Anus Mouth Digestive Tract Proboscis Length: 1 mm to 30 m : KINGDOM THE INVERTEBRATES :MOLLUSCA KINGDOM PHYLUM MOLLUSKS Have muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle Coelom reduced; main body cavity is a hemocoel. :MOLLUSCA KINGDOM PHYLUM MOLLUSKS Separate sexes, with gonads (Ovaries/Testes) located in visceral mass (Many snails are hermaphrodite) TROCHOPHORE - ciliated larval form. TROCHOPHORE LARVA :MOLLUSCA KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS POLYPLACOPHORA Marine; shell with eight plates; foot used for locomotion; head reduced They are grazers that use their “radulas” to cut and ingest algae. :MOLLUSCA KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS GASTROPODA Marine, freshwater, or terrestrial; asymmetric body, usually with coiled shell; shell reduced or absent in some; foot for locomotion; radula is present. TORSION :MOLLUSCA KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS BIVALVIA Aquatic; flattened shell with two valves; head reduced; paired gills; most are filter feeders; mantle forms siphons. SIPHON :MOLLUSCA KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS CEPHALOPODA Marine; head surrounded by grasping tentacles, usually with suckers :MOLLUSCA KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS CEPHALOPODA Shell is external, internal or absent; locomotion by jet propulsion using siphon. :MOLLUSCA KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS CEPHALOPODA The only mollusk with a closed circulatory system and well developed nervous system. :ANNELIDA KINGDOM PHYLUM SEGMENTED WORMS Coelomates with body wall and internal organs, segmented (except the digestive system). CLITELLUM :ANNELIDA KINGDOM PHYLUM POLYCHAETA Well developed head; each segment has parapodia w/ setae; tube dwelling and free living :ANNELIDA KINGDOM PHYLUM POLYCHAETA Well developed head; each segment has parapodia w/ setae; tube dwelling and free living :ANNELIDA KINGDOM PHYLUM OLIGOCHAETA Reduced head; no parapodia :ANNELIDA KINGDOM PHYLUM HIRUDINEA Body usually flat; reduced coelom and segmentation; setae absent :NEMATODA KINGDOM PHYLUM ROUNDWORMS Cylindrical, unsegmented pseudocoelomates w/ pointed ends; no circulatory system : KINGDOM PHYLUM ARTHROPODA INSECTS, ARACHNID etc. Coelomates with segmented body, jointed appendages, exoskeleton made of chitin : KINGDOM PHYLUM ARTHROPODA INSECTS, ARACHNID etc. Coelomates with segmented body, jointed appendages, exoskeleton made of chitin : KINGDOM PHYLUM ARTHROPODA INSECTS, ARACHNID etc. Ecdysis (molting) is energetically expensive and leaves arthropods vulnerable : KINGDOM PHYLUM ARTHROPODA INSECTS, ARACHNID etc. They have open circulatory system : KINGDOM PHYLUM ARTHROPODA ARACHNIDA Body having one or two main parts; six pairs of appendages - chelicerae, pedipalps, 4 pairs of walking legs WALKING LEGS PEDEPALP CHELICERAE : KINGDOM PHYLUM ARTHROPODA INSECTA Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen; antennae present : KINGDOM PHYLUM ARTHROPODA INSECTA Mouthparts modified for chewing, sucking, or lapping : KINGDOM PHYLUM ARTHROPODA INSECTA With two pairs of wings and three pairs of legs : KINGDOM PHYLUM ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA Body of two/three parts; antennae present; chewing mouthparts; three or more walking legs; marine : KINGDOM PHYLUM ARTHROPODA CHILOPODA Terrestrial carnivores; head has a pair of antennae and three pairs of appendages modified as mouthparts; poison claws on the anterior- most trunk segment : KINGDOM PHYLUM ARTHROPODA DIPLOPODA Large number of walking legs (two pairs per segment) Herbivores : KINGDOM PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA ECHINODERMS Coelomates with secondary radial anatomy (larvae bilateral; adults radial) Unique water vascular system Endoskeleton : KINGDOM PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA ECHINODERMS Coelomates with secondary radial anatomy (larvae bilateral; adults radial) Unique water vascular system Endoskeleton : KINGDOM THE INVERTEBRATES

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