Introduction to Surgery Module PDF

Introduction to Surgery module Nagm Eldin Abu Elnga Ahmed Lecturer of General Surgery Faculty of medicine Assiut University Contents Wounds and Wound healing Tongue Lips Masticatory muscles Congenital malformations of head and neck Lymph Nodes Salivary glands Thyroid Parath...

Introduction to Surgery module Nagm Eldin Abu Elnga Ahmed Lecturer of General Surgery Faculty of medicine Assiut University Contents Wounds and Wound healing Tongue Lips Masticatory muscles Congenital malformations of head and neck Lymph Nodes Salivary glands Thyroid Parathyroid Shock Hemorrhage Blood Transfusion Wounds and wpound Healing Skin: structure and function Largest organ of the body Primary function is protective Composed of several layers Outer Epidermis Dermis, containing the capillary network Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis, adipose layer)  Thickness varies from a thin membrane at internal flexures (e.g. elbows), to thicker at the soles of the feet which bear considerable pressures Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and Skin: sweat glands pass through the epidermis, but arise from the dermal structure and layer function A wound defined as: “A cut or break in the continuity of any tissue, caused by injury or operation” Classifying wounds Wounds may be classified according to the number of skin layers involved: Superficial Involves only the epidermis Partial Thickness Involves the epidermis and the dermis Full Thickness Involves the epidermis, dermis, fat, fascia and exposes bone  Wounds Types: 1- Closed wounds (Blunt injuries): a- Abrasions: partial denusion of the superficial layers of skin due to friction against rough surface. C/P: Painful raw Surface. ttt. Antibiotic – daily dressing b- Contusion (ecchymosis): extravasations of blood, plasma through damaged blood vessels. C/P: Painful swelling, eccymotic skin. ttt. Fomentation (cold in first 24h) elevation. 2- Open Wound Types: 1- Incised wound.. Sharp instrument Tissue damage : little or no tissue damage Edges : Clean cut Bleeding : Severe bleeding Infection : No infection 2- Lacerated wounds Blunt instrument sever damage Crushed edge Little bleeding Liable for infection 3- Crushed wounds: - More extensive lacerated wound by war injuries. 4- Penetrating wounds: Perforating : has inlet, outlet. Punctures : only inlet. THANK YOU