Introduction To The Reproductive System PDF

Introduction to the Reproductive System 20/10/23, 6:39 PM Introduction to the Reproductive System Definitions • Gamete: haploid cell • Male gamete: spermatozoa • Female gamete: oocyte or ovum Anatomy of the pelvic cavity • Lies within the bony pelvis, between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet...

Introduction to the Reproductive System 20/10/23, 6:39 PM Introduction to the Reproductive System Definitions • Gamete: haploid cell • Male gamete: spermatozoa • Female gamete: oocyte or ovum Anatomy of the pelvic cavity • Lies within the bony pelvis, between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet • Continuous with abdominal cavity leftsideofthesacrum righthipbont pelvicinlet pelvic}cavity righthipjoint pelvicfloor muscles rightfemur • • • • pelvicoutlet Pelvic floor: internal wall of skeletal muscle that separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum Perineum: inferior to pelvic floor, situated between the proximal parts of lower limbs Pelvic roof: formed by parietal peritoneum (lining of abdominal cavity) Peritoneal cavity: space between visceral and parietal cavity https://galvanized-borogovia-4fa.notion.site/Introduction-to-the-Reproductive-System-0e9f5044679240048e59b118faad12e8 Page 1 of 6 Introduction to the Reproductive System 20/10/23, 6:39 PM Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas) • • Double folding of the peritoneum between the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus Most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity in an upright female patient Utero-vesicle pouch • Double folding of peritoneum between the anterior surface of the uterus and the bladder Female reproductive system Dissected female pelvis Surface anatomy of the female perineum https://galvanized-borogovia-4fa.notion.site/Introduction-to-the-Reproductive-System-0e9f5044679240048e59b118faad12e8 Page 2 of 6 Introduction to the Reproductive System 20/10/23, 6:39 PM Female reproductive organs • • Ovaries Accessory reproductive organs - uterine tubes, uterus, vagina Layers of the uterus wall • • • Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium Ovulation + menstruation 1. Ova released from ovaries into peritoneal cavity 2. Ovum gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube 3. Ovum moved along uterine tube by cilia until it reaches the uterus 4. During menstruation, an unfertilized ovum is expelled by contractions of the myometrium Early pregnancy • • • Fertilization: usually occurs in the ampulla Implantation: usually occurs in the body of the uterus Ectopic pregnancy: fertilized ovum implants outside of the uterine cavity https://galvanized-borogovia-4fa.notion.site/Introduction-to-the-Reproductive-System-0e9f5044679240048e59b118faad12e8 Page 3 of 6 Introduction to the Reproductive System 20/10/23, 6:39 PM Male reproductive system Surface anatomy of the male perineum Male reproductive organs • • Testes Accessory reproductive organs - vas deferens, prostate gland, penis ◦ 3 cylinders of erectile tissue become filled with blood at arterial pressure during erection therightvas deferens theright seminal approximate locationofthe gland rightinquinal canal tu m theright ejaculatory re c bladder duct theprostategland theprostaticurethra thespongyurethra therightvasdeferens therightepididymis therighttestis theexternal urethralmeatus •thescrotum Retrovesical pouch • Double folding of peritoneum located between the rectum and the bladder https://galvanized-borogovia-4fa.notion.site/Introduction-to-the-Reproductive-System-0e9f5044679240048e59b118faad12e8 Page 4 of 6 Introduction to the Reproductive System 20/10/23, 6:39 PM Development of the testes • • During development the testis originate on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity By birth they have descended into the scrotum through the anterior abdominal wall Production of spermatozoa • • • • Produced in the seminiferous tubules Sperm pass to rete testis, then into head of epididymis Epididymis becomes vas deferens Spermatic cord contains: ◦ ◦ ◦ Vas deferens Testicular artery Pampiniform plexus of veins Ejaculation https://galvanized-borogovia-4fa.notion.site/Introduction-to-the-Reproductive-System-0e9f5044679240048e59b118faad12e8 Page 5 of 6 Introduction to the Reproductive System 20/10/23, 6:39 PM • • • • • Sperm pass from the testes via the vas deferens (part of the spermatic cord) Each spermatic cord passes through the anterior abdominal wall to reach the pelvic cavity Each vas deferens connects with the duct from a seminal gland - ejaculatory duct Right and left ejaculatory ducts join together within the prostate and drain into urethra Urethra opens at the external urethral meatus of the penis Torsion of the testis • • Twisting of the spermatic cord Disrupts blood supply - severe pain, danger of necrosis Sterilisation Females • • Tubal litigation Uterine tubes clipped, cut or cauterized Males • • Vasectomy Vas deferens transected and lumen sutured shut https://galvanized-borogovia-4fa.notion.site/Introduction-to-the-Reproductive-System-0e9f5044679240048e59b118faad12e8 Page 6 of 6