Signals, Spectra and Signal Processing PDF

Signals, Spectra and Signal Processing ENGR. HAROLD JAN R. TERANO, PhD Professor VI, College of Engineering and Architecture Director, Center for Research and Development  COURSE OVERVIEW DESCRIPTION Fourier transform; z transform; convolution; FIR filters; IIR filters; random signal analysis; c...

Signals, Spectra and Signal Processing ENGR. HAROLD JAN R. TERANO, PhD Professor VI, College of Engineering and Architecture Director, Center for Research and Development  COURSE OVERVIEW DESCRIPTION Fourier transform; z transform; convolution; FIR filters; IIR filters; random signal analysis; correlation functions; DFT; FFT; spectral analysis; applications of signal processing to speech, image, etc. OUTLINE 1. Introduction to Signals, Spectra and Signal Processing 2. Analog to Digital Conversion 3. Difference Equations for FIR and IIR Filters 4. Convolutions & Correlation, and z-transforms 5. Pole-Zero-Gain Filters 6. Fourier Transforms 7. Filtering 8. FIR/IIR 2 GRADING SYSTEM Criteria 1. Class Standing : 40 % 2. Examination : 30 % 2. Project : 30 % 100 % Final Grade = 1/2 (Midterm Grade) + 1/2 (Tentative Final Grade) 3 PROJECT Design and Simulation of a Signal Processing System 4 REFERENCES ▰ Wang, Weiji, Introduction to Digital Signal and System Analysis, (bookboon.com, 2012). ▰ John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, 3rd Edition, (USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1996). ▰ Li Tan, Digital Signal Processing, Fundamentals and Applications, (UK: Elsevier Inc., 2008) ▰ Vinay K. Ingle and John G. Proakis, Digital Signal Processing, Using MATLAB V.4, (USA: PWS Publishing Company, 1997). 5 INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALS, SPECTRA AND SIGNAL PROCESSING ENGR. HAROLD JAN R. TERANO, PhD Professor VI, College of Engineering and Architecture Director, Center for Research and Development 6 WHAT IS A SIGNAL? is a function of independent variables such as time, distance, position, temperature and pressure. a parameter (electrical quantity or effect) that can be varied in such a way as to convey information. 7  WHAT IS A SYSTEM? a physical device that performs operations of signals. an example of a system is a filter, used to reduce the noise and interference corrupting a desired information-bearing signal. 8 WHAT IS A SIGNAL PROCESSING? involves with the enhancement, extraction and representation of information for communication or analysis. 9 Classifications of Signal ✔ Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals ✔ Deterministic and Non-deterministic Signals ✔ Even and Odd Signals ✔ Periodic and Aperiodic Signals ✔ Energy and Power Signals ✔ Real and Imaginary Signals 10  Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals ▰ 11  Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals ▰ 12 Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals ▰ 13  Deterministic and Non-Deterministic Signals a signal is said to be deterministic if there is no uncertainty with respect to its value at any instant of time. or, signals which can be defined exactly by a mathematical formula are known as deterministic signals. these signals are known for all time and can be predicted in advance exactly. 14  Deterministic and Non-Deterministic Signals a signal is said to be non-deterministic if there is uncertainty with respect to its value at some instant of time. non-deterministic signals are random in nature hence they are called random signals. random signals cannot be described by a mathematical equation. they are modelled in probabilistic terms. 15  Even and Odd Signals ▰ 16  Even and Odd Signals ▰ 17  Periodic and Non-periodic Signals ▰ 18 Periodic and Non-periodic Signals any continuous-time signal which is not periodic is a non-periodic signal. also known as aperiodic signal. 19  Energy and Power Signals ▰ 20 Energy and Power Signals ▰ 21  Real and Complex Signals ▰ 22 Basic Continuous-Time Signals ✔ Unit Step Function ✔ Unit Impulse Function ✔ Exponential Signals ✔ Sinusoidal Signals 23 ▰ 24 ▰ 25 ▰ 26 ▰ 27  Exponential Signals ▰ 28  Sinusoidal Signals ▰ 29 Elementary Discrete-Time Signals ✔ Unit Impulse Signals ✔ Unit Step Signals ✔ Unit Ramp Signals ✔ Exponential Signals ✔ Discrete-Time Sinusoidal Signals 30 ▰ 31 ▰ 32 ▰ 33  Exponential Signal ▰ 34  Discrete-Time Sinusoidal Signal ▰ 35 Sequence Representation ✔ Functional Representation ✔ Finite Duration Sequence ✔ Infinite Duration Sequence 36  Functional Representation ▰ 37  Finite Length and Infinite Length Sequences an infinite duration sequence can be represented as: 38  Finite Length and Infinite Length Sequences ▰ 39 Manipulation on Discrete-Time Sequences ✔ Time Shifting ✔ Time Scaling ✔ Time Reversal 40  Time Shifting ▰ 41  Time Shifting ▰ 42  Time Shifting ▰ 43  Time Scaling ▰ 44  Time Scaling ▰ 45  Time Scaling ▰ 46  Time Reversal this operation is the reversal of the time axis, or flipping the signal over the y-axis. 47  Time Reversal ▰ 48  Time Reversal ▰ 49  EXERCISES ▰ 50 THANKS! Any questions? 51