Introduction-to-public-health.pdf

Introduction to Community and Public Health Nursing Jean Flores Domingo ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Topics Definition of related terms Historical background Det...

Introduction to Community and Public Health Nursing Jean Flores Domingo ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Topics Definition of related terms Historical background Determinants of Health Principles of Public Health Core Function of Public Health ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Health a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Definition of terms ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Public Health is the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental efficiency through organized community efforts. -CHARLES-EDWARD A. WINSLOW Definition of terms ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Public Health  Environmental sanitation  Control of community infections  Health education ; principles of personal hygiene  Organization of medical and nursing services for :  early diagnosis  Preventive tx of disease  Development of social machinery To ensure every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health CHARLES-EDWARD A. WINSLOW Definition of terms ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Public Health An organized community effort address the public interest in health by applying scientific and technical knowledge prevent disease and promote health. (Institute of Medicine, 1988) Definition of terms ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  HEALTH: Key Concept in Nursing Science Nursing is a profession aimed at helping the population achieved better health As a science it relies on understanding that the key towards development is capitalizing on health regardless of the age, sex, culture or creed Health is a shared reality It should be the concern of all people. It enables people to achieve their full potential ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Public Health Nursing  is the practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from:  nursing  social  public health sciences American Public Health Association Definition of terms ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Public Health Nursing in the Philippines ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines  Hospital Real de Manila (1577) –  it was established mainly to care for the Spanish king’s soldiers, but also admitted Spanish civilians;  founded by Gov. Francisco de Sande  1577: Friar Juan Clemente- started public health services through dispensary in Intramuros for the indigent  Juan de Pergero, a Dominican Father, started water sanitation in San Juan Manila ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines  Hospital Real de Manila (1577) –  it was established mainly to care for the Spanish king’s soldiers, but also admitted Spanish civilians;  founded by Gov. Francisco de Sande  1577: Friar Juan Clemente- started public health services through dispensary in Intramuros for the indigent  Juan de Pergero, a Dominican Father, started water sanitation in San Juan Manila ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines  1690: Dominican Father Juan de Pergero worked towards installing a water system in San Juan del Monte  1805: Dr. Francisco de Balmis introduced Smallpox vaccination.  1876:The first medicos titulares were appointed and worked as provincial health officers. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines  1888: The University of Santo Tomas opens a two- year, cirujanos ministrantes course to produce male nurses and sanitary inspectors.  1901: The board of Health of the Philippines Islands was created through Act 157, which eventually evolved into the Department of Health (DOH)  1905: Asociacion de Feminista Filipina founded La Gota de Leche: the first center dedicated to the service of mothers and babies ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines  1912: The Fajardo Act law created sanitary divisions made up one to four municipalities.  1939: Commonwealth Act # 430: created the Department of Public Health and Welfare( full implementation: 1941)  Dr. Jose Fabella: the 1st secretary of the DPHW(1941)  1947: DOH reorganized into bureaus and the administration of city health departments was placed at bureau level.  1954: The congress passed R.A. 1082 or the Rural health Unit Act which provided a RHU in every municipality ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines  1912: The Fajardo Act law created sanitary divisions made up one to four municipalities.  1941- Public Health Nursing services was interrupted  Due to the effect of WWII on Dec 8, 1941 ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines  1957: RA 1891 was enacted to have a more equitable distribution of health personnel.  This act also strengthen and Dental services in the rural areas  1958: Regional health offices were created as a result of decentralization efforts, thus creating the position: Regional Heal Officer. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines  1975 formulation of the national health plan and the restructured health care delivery system  1986 the ministry of health became Department of Health ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines  1970: the Philippines health care delivery system was restricted, paving the way for the health care system that exists to this day where health services are classified into primary, secondary and tertiary levels.  1991: R.A. 7160 or the Local Government Code mandated the devolution of basic services, including health services, to local government units and the establishment of a local health board in every province and city or municipality. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines  1999: Health Sector Reform Agenda was launched to direct government efforts towards comprehensive reforms  2005: FOURmula One(F1) health was launched to provide an implementation framework to the reform agenda.  2010: Universal Health Care was launched to provide the necessary revisions to the F1 framework. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  PHN in the Philippines DOH and public health systems evolved into what it is now – This is in response to the challenges of the times, so as public health nursing practice been influenced by the changing global and local health trends – This global and health imperatives brought PHNsg into new frontiers and have positioned nurses to emerge as leaders in health promotion and advocacy Historical background ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  PHN in the Philippines  PHN in the Phils. evolved alongside the institutional development of the following:  Department of health  Government agency  mandated to protect and promote people’s health  Health workers ( Public health nurses) Historical background ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  PHN in the Philippines  The public health nurse is strategically positioned to improve the health outcomes for :  individuals,  families, and  communities. Historical background ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Health as a human right The right of every human to health -WHO The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition -WHO,2017 ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Health as a human right This concept is grounded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) December 10, 1948 UDHR was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Health as a human right UDHR Article 25.1 declares: Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and wellbeing of himself and of his family including: food clothing housing and medical care and necessary social services ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E UDHR,1948 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Health as a human right Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights : – the right to health consists of interconnected and indispensable components : Availability Accessibility Acceptability Quality ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Health as a human right Availability – Requires that operational public health and channels of service delivery, products and services as well as programs be adequate for all ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Health as a human right Accessibility – Entails that health facilities, services and goods must be made possible and obtainable to everyone. non-discriminatory physically accessible The 4 intersecting Economically accessible features of accessibilty Information accessible ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Health as a human right Acceptability – Corresponds to respect for medical ethics, being culturally appropriate and gender sensitive – This clearly define the need for health care centers, products services and programs to be: PEOPLE-CENTERED able to accommodate the specific needs of diverse population groups adheres to the international standards of medical ethics for informed consent and confidentiality ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Health as a human right Quality – Implies that the health facilities, commodities and services must be in accordance with specific and medical standards – Quality health standards must be safe, effective, people- centered, timely, equitable, integrated and efficient ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Thank you ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph