Introduction to Programming with Python PDF

Introduction to Programming with Python Chapter 1: Introducing Python Python is a powerful, multi-paradigm, interpreted language popular with startups and large com… Wh...

Introduction to Programming with Python Chapter 1: Introducing Python Python is a powerful, multi-paradigm, interpreted language popular with startups and large com… What is Python? Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in… Exists in two main versions: Python 2 and Python… Guido van Rossum aimed to create an easy and intuitive language that is as powerful as major… Emphasizes code that is understandable as plain En… Why Python? Open-source nature allows contributions from any… Suitable for everyday tasks, promoting short development… Offers portability across multiple platforms. What is a Computer? Hardware and Software A computer fundamentally performs calculations, remembers results, and interfaces with I/O… Performing calculations at high speeds (bil- of calculations per second). lions Storing large amounts of data (hundreds of A machine capable of: gigabytes). What is a Computer? Interfacing with input/output de… Computers operate based on the instructions provided to… Computer Main Components Computer Hardware The physical components of a computer that enable it to function. How a Program Works CPUs perform simple operations on data, such as reading, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and… CPU Operations Understand instructions written in machine language specific to each CPU… To execute meaningful calculations, CPUs must perform many opera… How Computers Store Data All data is stored in sequences of 0s and 1s. Data Representation A byte can store one letter or small number, divided into eight… A bit is an electrical component that can hold a positive or negative charge, functioning like an switch. on/off Memory & Storage RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile memory used to load user applications for execu… Types of Memory ROM (Read Only Memory): Non-volatile memory that stores system pro… Secondary Storage: Hard disks and other devices that store user software applica… Secondary Storage Devices Holds data for long periods, even without… Characteristics of Secondary Storage Important data, such as documents and records, is saved… The most common type is the disk drive, which uses magnetic encoding on spinning… Input Devices Input is any data collected from users or other devices. Definition and Examples Input devices include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, scanners, microphones, and digital… Disk drives can also be considered input devices as they retrieve data for the com… Output Devices Output is any data produced by the computer for users or other de… Definition and Examples Common output devices include video displays and print… Disk drives can also serve as output devices when saving… Software Software controls everything a computer… Overview of Software Application Software: Programs for everyday tasks (e.g., word processing, email, games). Two main categories: System Software: Fundamental programs that manage hardware and allow other programs run. to System Software – Operating System The operating system is the core set of programs managing hardware and… Role of the Operating System It allows data to be saved and retrieved from storage de… Popular operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and… Computer Programs & Programming Lan… A set of instructions written by a programmer to tell the computer what to… Instructions are written using a programming lan… Definition of a Computer Program Programs are written in text with specific keywords and syn… Compilers or interpreters translate this text into machine code for the… Compilers and Interpreters High-level language programs must be translated into machine lan… Translation of High-Level Languages Compiler: Translates high-level language into a separate machine language pro… Interpreter: Translates and executes high-level language instructions one at a time, as used by… What Does a Computer Program Do? Data Instructions Components of a Computer Program Conditional Branching Flow of Control Repetition and Itera… Function calls Define variables A and B. Example Program Structure Conditional statements to compare A and B and print re… Running a Program Write the program. Steps to Execute a Program Compile or interpret the pro… Copy from secondary memory to RAM. Run the program: CPU executes in a cycle: fetch, decode, execute. High-Level Languages Low-level languages are close to machine language (e.g., assembly lan… Characteristics High-level languages allow for simpler creation of complex programs without needing extensive knowledge. CPU Python Setup Download Python from the official website… Installation Steps Install Python on your mach… Introduction to Jupyter Notebooks Download Anaconda from the official website (https://www.anaconda.com/products/individ… Setup Instructions Install Anaconda on your mach… Open Jupyter from the Windows Start Menu.