Introduction to Nursing Theory PDF

Theoretical Foundation in Nursing Department of Nursing Dr. Lolita H. Avanzado History of Nursing Theory Terminologies • • • • Nursing is dynamic and diverse as a kaleidoscope of ethnic, cultural, and religious manifestations of the people who receive nursing care. It includes the promotion o...

Theoretical Foundation in Nursing Department of Nursing Dr. Lolita H. Avanzado History of Nursing Theory Terminologies • • • • Nursing is dynamic and diverse as a kaleidoscope of ethnic, cultural, and religious manifestations of the people who receive nursing care. It includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Florence Nightingale defined nursing as "the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery. She considered a clean, wellventilated, and quiet environment essential for recovery. All nursing acts are geared towards realizing and restoring the patient’s biopsychospiritual well-being and assisting the client to live a dignified and normal life. • • Professional Nursing is taking responsibility for one's nursing judgments, actions, and omissions as they relate to life-long learning, maintaining competency, and upholding both quality patient care outcomes and standards of the profession. Theory is an organized system of accepted knowledge that is composed of concepts, propositions, definitions and assumptions intended to explain a sets of facts, event or phenomena. • • • Proposition explains the relationship of different concept. Definition composed of various descriptions which convey a general meaning which reduces the vagueness in understanding a set of concepts. Assumption is a statement that specifies the relationship or connection of factual concept or phenomena Relationship of concept, propositions, assumption and definition with theory and phenomena Concept prop osition Assumptions definitions Systematically organized Theory View Phenomena Nursing Theory is a group of interrelated concepts that are developed from various studies of discipline and related experiences. is a useful tool for reasoning, critical thinking, and decision making in the nursing practice. A theory makes it possible to “organize the relationship among the concepts to describe, explain, predict, and control practice” • Nursing Theory is a group of interrelated concepts that are developed from various studies of discipline and related experiences. • is a useful tool for reasoning, critical thinking, and decision making in the nursing practice. A theory makes it possible to “organize the relationship among the concepts to describe, explain, predict, and control practice” THEORY DESCRIBES EXPLAINS PREDICTS PRESCRIBES NURSING CARE History of Nursing Theory • • • The history of professional nursing began with Florence Nightingale. Nursing began with a strong emphasis on practice, but throughout the century Nurses worked towards successive periods recognized as historical eras. History of Nursing Theory • • • Florence Nightingale (1820–1910)— the Lady with a Lamp. The first nursing theorist Environmental Theory—which is incorporated the restoration of the usual health status of the nurse's clients into the delivery of health care—it is still practiced today. Historical Eras of Nursing’s Search for Specialized Knowledge • Curriculum era—1900-1940s • Research era—1950-1970s • Graduate education era—19501970s • Theory era—1980-1990s • Theory utilization era—21st century Historical Eras of Nursing for Specialized Knowledge Curriculum era: 1900-1940 Major Question: What curriculum content should student nurses' study? Emphasis: Courses taught in nursing programs Outcomes: Standardized curricula for diploma programs Emerging Goal: Specialized knowledge and higher education 0 to the 1940s Research era: 1950 – 1970s Major Question: What is focus for nursing research? Emphasis: Role for nurses and what to research Outcomes: Problem studies and studies of nurses Emerging Goal: Theory-based studies for unified knowledge Graduate education era: 1950-1970s Major Question: What knowledge is needed for the practice of nursing? Emphasis: Carving out an advanced role and basis for nursing practice Outcomes: Nurses have an important role in health care Emerging Goal: Focus graduate education on knowledge and development Theory era: 1950-1990s Major Question: How do those frameworks guide research and practice? Emphasis: There are many ways to think about nursing Outcome: Nursing theoretical works shift the focus to patient Emerging Goal: theories guide nursing research and practice Theory utilization era: 21st century Major Question: What new theories are needed to produce evidence for quality care? Emphasis: Nursing theories guide research, practice, education and administration Outcome: Middle range theory may be form quantitative or qualitative approaches Emerging Goal: Nursing frameworks produce knowledge (evidence) for quality care Significance of Theory for Nursing as a Discipline and as a Profession Nursing Theoretical Works represents the most comprehensive ideas Systematic knowledge about nursing; therefore, theory is vital to both the discipline and the profession. Discipline—is specific to academia and a branch of education, a department of learning or field of knowledge. Profession—refers to specialized field of practice, which is founded upon the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline and the accompanying practice abilities. Significance of Theory for Nursing as a Discipline Baccalaureate programs proliferated (BSN) Master's programs in nursing developed (MAN) Curricula began to be standardized through the accreditation process. Nursing Doctoral Programs began to open to generate nursing knowledge (PhD), (EdD) Attention to the importance of nursing conceptualizations for the research process and the role of a conceptual framework in the purpose and design of research production of science and nursing theoretical works also began to publish. Works began to be recognized for their theoretical nature, such as Henderson, Nightingale, Orlando, Newman, Orem, Peplau etc. Significance of Theory for Nursing as a Profession Criteria for development of the Professional Status of Nursing Utilizes in its practice a well-defined and wellorganized body of specialized knowledge that is on the intellectual level of the higher learning. Constantly enlarges the body of knowledge it uses and improves its techniques of education and service by the use of the scientific method. Entrusts the education of its practitioners to institution of higher education. Applies its body of knowledge in practical services that are vital to human and social welfare. • • • Functions autonomously in the formulation of professional policy and in the control of professional activity thereby. Attracts individuals of intellectual and personal qualities who exalt service above personal gain and who recognizes their chosen occupation as a life work Strives to compensate its practitioners by providing freedom of action, opportunity for continuous professional growth and economic security. For Listening Stay safe always