Nucleic Acids Introduction PDF

 DNA-Blueprints of Life The evidence that we are all made of the same material and, yet it is the same material that makes us all unique individuals.  Basic Aspects of Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) Dr. Bijay Barik Assistant Professor D...

 DNA-Blueprints of Life The evidence that we are all made of the same material and, yet it is the same material that makes us all unique individuals.  Basic Aspects of Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) Dr. Bijay Barik Assistant Professor Dept. of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Genetics Office: QC 22 [email protected]  Basic Aspects of Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) MCB1.2: Understand the structure and properties of nucleic acids, the organization of genetic information, and its inheritance by successive generations. By the end of this module, students should be able to: MCB2.1. Compare the structures and types of DNA and RNA.  Nucleic Acids Function: Genetic material 1. Stores information genes building proteins (protein synthesis) DNA → RNA → proteins 2. Transfers information To new cells To next generation (heredity)  Nucleic Acids Two types nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)- mostly double strand RNA (ribonucleic acid)- mostly single strand Each type is a long polymer of nucleotides DNA RNA Role of DNA in inheritance? Ans : Replication of DNA Role of DNA in protein synthesis??? The Central Dogma  Nucleic acid structure You should know the: ✓Structure of nucleotides ✓Bonds needed to form nucleotide and nucleic acids ✓Functions of nucleic acids ✓Synthesis/degradation of nucleotides ✓Diseases related to nucleotide metabolism EACH NUCLEOTIDE CONTAINS: A Nitrogenous Base (B) A pentose sugar (S) Phosphate group (P) ❖Nucleoside = B-S ❖Nucleotide = B-S-P ❖Nucleic acid= (B-S-P)n Bond between base and sugar is glycosidic bond Nitrogenous Base – 2 types Purines - Thymine is present in DNA - Uracil is present in RNA  The pentose sugar Can be ribose or deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar is present in RNA Deoxyribose sugar is present in DNA Negatively charged molecule due to phosphates  Nucleic acid Important RNA : ADP (without “d” its ribose sugar) DNA: dADP (“d” for deoxyribose sugar)  The Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides In nucleic acids, one nucleotide is linked to another nucleic acid by Phospho diester bond The Phospho diester bonds thus form the backbone of the nucleic acids The 2 types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA 5’ with Phosphate and 3’ ends with–OH Thus DNA and RNA have polarity (or direction 5’→3’) Phosphodiester bond  Directionality of DNA You need to number the nucleotide carbons! PO4 it matters! Replication in 5’→ 3’ N base direction 5 CH2 This will be O IMPORTANT!! 4 ribose 1 3 2 OH  Differences between DNA and RNA DNA structure RNA structure Has deoxyribose as a sugar Has ribose as a sugar instead of deoxyribose Double strand – double helix Is generally single-stranded Has thymine as a base Has uracil instead of thymine DNA double helix Which rule is it? Scientists: Erwin Chargaff – studied amounts of nitrogenous bases in DNA (base pair rule) Rosalind Franklin – 1952 – X-ray diffraction to get pattern from structure of DNA - Responsible for the molecular structure James Watson & Francis Crick – 1953 – published model and paper on DNA structure as a double helix  ATP Adenosine triphosphate ▪ Adenine+ ribose +Pi (AMP) ▪ AMP + Pi + Pi + + Thank you