Engineering and Project Introduction to Management PDF

# Engineering and Project Introduction to Management - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Based on Management. 5th ed. By Ricky Griffin, 1996 and input from Dr. A. A. Elimam. - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Course - Principles of Engineering Management - The importance of management to engineer...

# Engineering and Project Introduction to Management - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Based on Management. 5th ed. By Ricky Griffin, 1996 and input from Dr. A. A. Elimam. - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Course - Principles of Engineering Management - The importance of management to engineers - Applications of these Principles in Engineering Organizations - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Manageme - Is getting work done through others. - Requires a set of activities (including planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling) directed at an organization's resources (human, financial, physical, and information), with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner. - An organization is a group of people working together in a structured and coordinated fashion to achieve a set of goals. - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Management in  - Inputs from the environment - Human resources - Financial resources - Physical resources - Information resources - Planning and decision making - Organizing - Controlling - Leading - Goals attained - Efficiently - Effectively - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Management in - Manager: Someone whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process. - Effective: Making the right decisions and successfully implementing them. - Efficient: Using resources wisely in a cost-effective way. - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Management - Planning: Setting goals and deciding how best to achieve them. - Decision Making: Selecting a course of action from a set of alternatives. - Organizing: Grouping activities and resources in a logical fashion. - Leading: Processes to get members of the organization to work together to further the interests of the organization. - Controlling: Monitoring organizational progress toward goal attainment and taking corrective action when needed. - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Management ### Functions - Planning and Decision Making > Setting the organization's goals and deciding how best to achieve them. - Organizing > Determining how best to group activities and resources. - Controlling > Monitoring and correcting ongoing activities to facilitate goal attainment. - Leading > Motivating members of the organization to work in the best interests of the organization. >Most managers engage in more than one activity at the same time. - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Management:  - A Used written rules and regulations for governance - B Used management practices to construct pyramids - C Used extensive set of laws and policies for governance - D Used different governing systems for cities and state - E Used organization structure for communication and control - F Used extensive organization structure for government agencies and the arts - G Used organization design and planning concepts to control the seas - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## What is The profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. (ABET) Engineer: A person applying his/her mathematical and science knowledge properly to solve practical problems. - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## What is Engineering - Engineering management is a process of leading and controlling a technical function/enterprise. - Engineering management is similar to other definitions of management, but with a slant toward technical issues. - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Management Levels and  - Marketing - Finance - Operations - Human resources - Administration - Other - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Management | Level | Type of Job | |---|---| | First-line Managers | * Directly supervise non-managers. <br> * Carry out the plans and objectives of higher management using the personnel and other resources assigned to them.<br> * Short-range operating plans governing what will be done tomorrow or next week, assign tasks to their workers, supervise the work that is done, and evaluate the performance of individual workers. | | Middle Management |* Manage through other managers.<br> * Make plans of intermediate range to achieve the long-range goals set by top management, establish departmental policies, and evaluate the performance of subordinate work units and their managers.<br> * Provide and integrating and coordinating function so that the short-range decisions and activities of first-line supervisory groups can be orchestrated toward achievement of the long-range goals of the enterprise. | | Top Management |* Responsible for defining the character, mission, and objectives of the enterprise.<br> * Establish criteria for and review long-range plans.<br> * Evaluate the performance of major departments, and they evaluate leading management personnel to gauge their readiness for promotion to key executive positions. | - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Basic Managerial  - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Basic Managerial | Category | Role | Sample Activities | |---|---|---| | Interpersonal | Figurehead |Attending ribbon-cutting ceremony for new plant | | | Leader | Encouraging employees to improve productivity | | | Liaison | Coordinating activities of two project groups | | Informational | Monitor | Scanning industry reports to stay abreast of developments | | | Disseminator | Sending memos outlining new organizational initiatives | | | Spokesperson | Making a speech to discuss growth plans| | Decisional | Entrepreneur | Developing new ideas for innovation | | | Disturbance handler | Resolving conflict between two subordinates|: | |Resource allocator | Reviewing and revising budget requests | | |Negotiator | Reaching agreement with a key supplier or labor union | - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Some reasons an engineering background can help prepare for an engineering 1. Engineers: logical, methodical, objective, and make unemotional decisions based on facts. 2. Use their technical knowledge to check the validity of information. 3. Can analyze problems thoroughly, look beyond the immediate ones, and ask good questions to explore alternative solutions to technical problems. 5. Understand what motivates engineers. 5. Can review and evaluate the work of their subordinates since they understand what they are doing. 6. Can engage in future planning with appropriate consideration for technology and its relationship to cost effectiveness. 7. Engineering backgrounds help in technical discussions with customers. 8. Their background increases the manager's credibility with subordinates, customers, and superiors. People attribute qualities, abilities, skills, and knowledge to them, which allows the manager to influence those who have that perception. - Octaber 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Role Differences Between Engineers and Managers | Position | Engineer | Manager | |---|---|---| | Dependency | Experiences role as autonomous | Experiences role as interdependent | | Responsibility | Individual accomplishment in one project, task, or problem at a time | Many objectives at once, requiring orchestrating a broad range of variables and organizational entities | | Creativity | Creative with products, designs, materials | Creative with people and organizations | | Bottom line | Will it work? | Will it make/save money for the organization? | - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Engineers Versus Managers | What Engineers Do | What Managers Do | |---|---| | Minimize risk | Take calculated risks | | Emphasize accuracy and mathematical precision | Rely heavily on intuition, take educated and try to be "about right" | | Dare in applying sound scientific methods on the basis of | Guess, and try to be "about right" decisions under widely varying conditions | | Care in applying sound scientific methods on the basis of reproducible data | Exercise leadership in making decisions based on sketchy information | | Solve technical problems based on their own individual skills | Solve techno-people problems based on integrating the talents of others | | Work largely through their own abilities to get things done | Work through others to get things done on skills in integrating the talents of others | | Work through others to get things done | - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar ## Philosophical Similarities Between Engineering and Management - Both engineers and managers are trained to be decision makers in a complex environment. - Both allocate resources for the operation of existing systems or for the development of new systems. - Both have to recognize, identify and evaluate the interactions among system components. (Cleland and Kocaoglu 1981) - October 24 - Lotfi K. Gaafar