Introduction To Land Use Planning PDF

Land Use Planning and Development Introduction  Concept of Land Land as wealth Land as commodity Land as scarce resources Land as scare community resources T...

Land Use Planning and Development Introduction  Concept of Land Land as wealth Land as commodity Land as scarce resources Land as scare community resources Ting and Williamson, 1999 2 9/13/2024 Add a footer 3 9/13/2024 Add a footer  Land Use Refers to the manner of utilization of land, including its allocation, development and management. 4 9/13/2024 Add a footer  Land Use Planning “Land use planning in the context of development cooperation is an iterative process based on the dialogue amongst all stakeholders aiming to define sustainable land uses in rural areas. It also implies the initiation and monitoring of measures to realize the agreed land uses” (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ 1995: 5). 5 9/13/2024 Add a footer  Land Use Planning “Land use planning is a systematic and iterative procedure carried out in order to create an enabling environment for sustainable development of land resources which meets people’s needs and demands. It assesses the physical, socio-economic, institutional and legal potentials and constraints with respect to optimal and sustainable use of land resources, and empowers people to make decisions about how to allocate those resources” (Food and Agriculture Organization/UN Environment Programme 1999). 6 9/13/2024 Add a footer  Land use planning is one of the tools that can help to meet them as it focuses on negotiating future land and resource uses by all relevant stakeholders. While the demand for land increases, supply is fixed. Land, therefore, becomes increasingly scarce. The result is an increase in the number of land conflicts and the level of violence of these conflicts. 7 9/13/2024 Add a footer  If at an early stage, a consensus on the land use can be negotiated by all conflicting parties and be approved by the responsible official institution making it legally binding, conflicts can be avoided. 8 9/13/2024 Add a footer  Examples of contrasting land uses leading to competition and conflict Agricultural use of land versus industrial, commercial and residential use Environmental protection versus agricultural production Mining versus other land uses Cultivation of agro-fuel plants versus food production Production of raw materials for industrial production and thereby economic development versus protection of nature and ecological sustainability Intensification of cash-crop agriculture for export versus subsistence agriculture and extensive land use to ensure food security Extension of settlement areas, farms and infrastructure in risk areas versus disasters prevention (new constructions often increase risks, e.g. by blocking flood areas) Competition between long-established settlers and new migrants who had to leave their home areas due to wars, climate change or natural disasters 9 9/13/2024 Add a footer  Land use planning presents a development approach that contributes to: the prevention of land use conflicts, the adaptation of land uses to physical and ecological conditions, the lasting protection of land as a natural resource, the lasting productive use of land and a balanced use that fulfils all social, ecological and economic requirements. 10 9/13/2024 Add a footer  “Land use planning creates the preconditions required to achieve a type of land use that is environmentally sustainable, socially just and desirable and economically sound. It thereby activates social processes of decision making and consensus building concerning the utilization and protection of private, communal or public areas” 11 9/13/2024 Add a footer  OBJECTIVES To promote efficient utilization, acquisition and disposition of land ensure the highest and best use of land To direct, harmonize and influence discussions and activities of the private and public sectors relative to the use and management of land To reconcile land use conflicts and proposals between and among individuals, private and government entities relative to the present and future need for land To promote desirable patterns of land uses in order to prevent wasteful development and minimize the cost of public infrastructure and utilities and other social services To conserve areas of ecological, aesthetic, historical and cultural significance 12 9/13/2024 Add a footer  PRINCIPLE OF LAND USE PLANNING 1. Land use planning aims at sustainability balancing social, economic, and environmental needs; 2. Land use planning results in a legally binding land use plan and/or legally binding land use rules. 3. Land use planning is integrated into state institutions having the official mandate for inter-sector planning. 4. Land use planning is a dialogue 5. Land use planning is an all-inclusive process. 6. Land use planning is based on stakeholder differentiation and gender sensitivity. 7. Land use planning promotes civic engagement. 13 9/13/2024 Add a footer  PRINCIPLE OF LAND USE PLANNING 8. Land use planning is realistic and oriented to local conditions. 9. Land use planning is based on a “light” methodology 10. Land use planning in terms of methodology and content differs 11. Land use planning considers and valorizes local knowledge. 12. Land use planning takes into account traditional strategies for solving problems and conflicts. 13. Land use planning follows the idea of subsidiarity 14. Land use planning integrates bottom-up aspects with top-down aspects (“vertical integration”). 15. Land use planning is based on inter-disciplinary cooperation and requires sector coordination (“horizontal integration”). 14 9/13/2024 Add a footer  PRINCIPLE OF LAND USE PLANNING 16. Land use planning is a process leading to an improvement in the capacity of stakeholders. 17. Land use planning requires transparency. Therefore, free access to information for all participants is a prerequisite. 18. Land use planning is future-oriented (“visionary”). 19. Land use planning is an iterative process. 20. Land use planning is implementation-oriented. 21. Land use planning is linked to financial planning. 22. Land use planning relates to spaces and places (“spatial orientation”). 15 9/13/2024 Add a footer  Land-use planning aims to make the best use of limited resources by: assessing present and future needs and systematically evaluating the land's ability to supply them; identifying and resolving conflicts between competing uses, between the needs of individuals and those of the community, and between the needs of the present generation and those of future generations; seeking sustainable options and choosing those that best meet identified needs; planning to bring about desired changes; learning from experience. 16 9/13/2024 Add a footer  GOALS OF LAND USE PLANNING Efficiency ▪Land use must be economically viable ▪achieved by matching different land uses with the areas that will yield the greatest benefits at the least cost Equity and acceptability ▪Land use must also be socially acceptable. ▪Goals include food security, employment and security of income in rural areas. Sustainability ▪which meets the needs of the present while, at the same time, conserving resources for future generations. 17 9/13/2024 Add a footer  WHEN IS LAND-USE PLANNING USEFUL? Two conditions must be met if planning is to be useful: the need for changes in land use, or action to prevent some unwanted change, must be accepted by the people involved; there must be the political will and ability to put the plan into effect. 18 9/13/2024 Add a footer  PLANNING AT DIFFERENT LEVEL Land-use planning can be applied at three broad levels: national district and local. These are not necessarily sequential but correspond to the levels of government at which decisions about land use are taken. At each successive level of planning, the degree of detail needed increases, and so too should the direct participation of the local people. 19 9/13/2024 Add a footer  LAND USE PLANNING IN ACHIEVING INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS The Millennium Development Goals consist of eight goals to be achieved by 2015. 28 9/13/2024 Add a footer  LAND USE PLANNING IN ACHIEVING INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS The Millennium Development Goals consist of eight goals to be achieved by 2015. Land Use Planning can contribute to at least three of them 29 9/13/2024 Add a footer  LAND USE PLANNING IN ACHIEVING INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS a set of 17 global objectives established by the United Nations in 2015. These goals aim to eradicate poverty, protect the environment, and ensure prosperity for all by 2030. By aligning land use decisions with the SDGs, planners can ensure that land resources are used efficiently and responsibly, contributing to a sustainable future for all. 30 9/13/2024 Add a footer  AGENDA 21 (1992) Agenda 21 resulting from the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro was the first international document highlighting the importance of land use planning for sustainable development. Agenda21 processes have given an important impulse to land use planning as they focus on participatory planning and action at local level to achieve sustainable development. Land use planning can contribute to the mitigation of climate change by identifying areas for forest protection or afforestation as well as to adaptation to climate change by identifying areas at risk or new suitable areas for agricultural production. Land use planning can also contribute to the protection of biodiversity, e.g. through zoning of protected areas. 31 9/13/2024 Add a footer  CLASSIFICATION OF LAND USE PLANNING A. General Land Use Planning a. Built-up b. Agriculture c. Forest d. Special Use B. Urban Land Use Planning A. Recreational (Parks/Playgrounds) B. Infrastructure/Utilities (Transport) Facility Services Utilities C. Residential D. Commercial E. Industrial F. Institutional 32 9/13/2024 Add a footer  GENERAL LAND USE PLANNING General land use planning focuses on non-urban large-scale land uses and natural resource management. It deals with the allocation and management of land for various purposes such as croplands, forests, pasture lands, mining/quarrying areas, and swamplands. In general land use planning, areas occupied by structures are treated collectively as "built-up" areas. 33 9/13/2024 Add a footer  GENERAL LAND USE PLANNING Major land use categories in general land use planning are: a. Built-up - This category includes areas that are developed and occupied by structures, such as residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, as well as infrastructure and utilities. b. Agricultural - This category comprises lands used for agricultural activities, including crop cultivation, livestock rearing, and other agricultural practices. c. Forest - This category encompasses areas covered by forests or wooded lands, which may be managed for timber production, conservation, or recreational purposes d. This category includes areas designated for specific purposes that do not fall under the other major land use categories. This can include protected areas, natural reserves, wetlands, wildlife habitats, and cultural heritage sites. 34 9/13/2024 Add a footer  URBAN LAND USE PLANNING Urban land use planning focuses on land use within urban areas, which are characterized by high population densities and built-up environments. It is concerned with determining the location, intensity, and amount of land development required for various functions in urban areas. 35 9/13/2024 Add a footer  URBAN LAND USE PLANNING Major land use categories in urban land use planning are: a. Recreational (Parks/Playgrounds) - This category comprises areas designated for recreational purposes, including parks, playgrounds, sports fields, and open green spaces. b. Infrastructure/Utilities (Transport) - This category includes areas allocated for essential infrastructure and utilities, such as roads, transportation networks, water supply facilities, sewage systems, and power distribution. a. Facility – in urban planning premises where health-care, educational, socio-cultural, and recreational activities take place. b. Services – include transportation by rail, road, air, waterways, telecommunication, police protection, firefighting, postal, etc. c. Utilities – basic public services like water supply, sewerage, drainage, and electricity supply. 36 9/13/2024 Add a footer  URBAN LAND USE PLANNING Major land use categories in urban land use planning are: c. Residential - This category includes areas designated for housing and residential purposes, including single-family homes, apartments, and mixed-use residential areas d. Commercial - This category includes areas designated for housing and residential purposes, including single-family homes, apartments, and mixed-use residential areas. e. Industrial - This category encompasses areas designated for industrial activities, including manufacturing facilities, warehouses, industrial parks, and logistics centers. f. Institutional - This category includes areas designated for institutional uses, such as schools, hospitals, government offices, religious buildings, and community centers. 37 9/13/2024 Add a footer  LAND USE PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Linking present and long-term problems Combining measures from different sectors Lobby for the protection of resources Support in Settling Conflicts Promoting disadvantaged groups and strengthening local planning competence 38 9/13/2024 Add a footer  LAND USE PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Linking present and long-term problems Land use planning is implemented in order to associate solutions for present problems (e.g. soil erosion, insufficient agricultural production, and low income in rural households) with the planning toward long-term conservation and sustainable use of land resources. Therefore, such planning is based on precautions and is future-oriented based on the interests, viewpoints, and problem-solving potential of the participants. 39 9/13/2024 Add a footer  LAND USE PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Combining measures from different sectors It is necessary to find appropriate combinations of different measures in technical, economic, and social fields and to define these in harmony with each other. This is achieved through land use planning. 40 9/13/2024 Add a footer  LAND USE PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Lobby for the protection of resources LUP take on the function of an attorney for the concerns of land resources protection which often has no lobby. 41 9/13/2024 Add a footer  LAND USE PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Support in Settling Conflicts LUP is used in order to find solutions to conflicts among various groups of the population, among villages, between villages and authorities or large companies, between farmers and pastoralists, etc. In this process, rules of using the land are negotiated among the parties involved in the conflict. 42 9/13/2024 Add a footer  LAND USE PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Promoting disadvantaged groups and strengthening local planning competence Emphasis is given to the promotion of disadvantaged groups and to improve their access to land resources. Women play an active role in LUP, thus their status in the village and in society has to be increased. By applying the principle "learning by doing", participatory LUP is intended to improve the planning competence at local level. 43 9/13/2024 Add a footer  END 44 9/13/2024 Add a footer