Introduction To IT Engineering Week 2 PDF

Introduction to Information Technology Engineering Dr.Abara Siddique [email protected]  Information Technology The phrase “information technology” goes back to a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review (HBR). Authors Harold J. Lea...

Introduction to Information Technology Engineering Dr.Abara Siddique [email protected]  Information Technology The phrase “information technology” goes back to a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review (HBR). Authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler defined several types of information technology:  Techniques for the fast processing of information  The use of statistical and mathematical models for decision-making  The “simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs” Six decades later, information technology is building communications networks for a company, safeguarding data and information, creating and administering databases, helping employees troubleshoot problems with their computers or mobile devices, or doing a range of other work to ensure the efficiency and security of business information systems.  Role of Information Technology IT has become an integral part of the modern world, with businesses and individuals depending on technology for their day to day operation. The Society for Information Management’s (SIM) IT trends report features many different IT functions that are critical to businesses worldwide. Current and future IT will be working on following: Data overload issues Businesses need to process huge amounts of data. This requires large amounts of data processing and power, sophisticated software and human analytical skills.  Cont. Mobile and wireless usages More employers are offering remote work options that require smartphones, tablets and laptops with wireless hotspots and roaming ability. Cloud computing services Most businesses no longer operate their own “server farms” to store massive amounts of data. Many businesses now work with cloud services—third-party hosting platforms that maintain that data. Video hosting and bandwidth issues Videoconferencing solutions have become more and more popular, so more network bandwidth is needed to support them sufficiently.  AI and machine learning Cont. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning allow businesses to automate, scale up and use complicated models to anticipate everything from market changes to weather patterns. With the massive volume of data these days, AI is quickly becoming a mainstay in the business world. Cybersecurity Cybersecurity is all about securing computer systems all about securing computer systems, networks and data. As businesses depend on their digital systems to function, cyber-attacks that threaten to delete or stall those functions can get pose a massive threat. Theft of private data is also a huge concern, requiring dedicated cybersecurity measures to consistently repel thieves.  Access to information: Cont. IT allows us to readily access massive amounts of information just in a matter of seconds. Search engines provide instant access to information enabling individuals and businesses to gain knowledge and information they require for prompt decision making and problem solving. Security: IT provides data security and restricts unwanted and unauthorized access to company databases, preserving valuable information. While security in the past used to require actual manpower and large ‘safes’, IT has made this a lot easier by digitizing both data and data security.  Engineering Engineering is the application of scientific, ecnomic, social and practical knowledge, in order to design, build,a nd maintain structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. Thje American engineer’s council for professional development has desfined: “The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacting processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full congizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating condirions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation or safety to life and property.  IT & Engineering Since the 90’s we have increasingly seen a merger of two field, which rise incredible merger of computer technology and engineering was the use of computer simulations of origami models in order to assist in space satellite assembly and development. these computerized origami models have also been used in certain nanotechnological applications as well, including attempts to create more durable and sustainable materials and substance for manufacturing industries. Today’s world is connected by large hidden but highly complex information network, designing computer hardware, testing and analyzing computer systems Ensuring hardware and software work together. Application of IT in Engineering The application designing and managing plants, simplifing calculations and drawings, that previously had to be done manually. Supporting the activities during the life cycle of chemical process by means of information technology. The design and construction of public and private works, such as infrastructure (airports, roads, railways, water supply and treatment), beidges, dams amd buildings. The application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, calculations, including structural design, geometry calculations and applications for project managemnt.  Cont. The design and study of various electronic systems to advantage of the speed of computer analysis, the enineer can explore a greater number of design options in a short period of time. It allows an engineer to make immiediate comparisions and see impact of each. The design of mechanical systems to test a new product without building expensive prototype and use of visualization technology to transform data into image or enironment.  Cont. The board scientific and profound knowledge of electronic circuits and systems knowledge of telecommunications and computer controlled systems. Advantage of the speed of computer analysis, the engineer can explore a greater number of design options in a short peiord of time. It allows an engineer to make immediate comparisons and see the impact of each. We can develop structural behaviour from a single project rather than having to await the accumulative experience of serveral projects. Computer Aided Design (CAD) An increasing popular tool for product design. Computer programs or integrated packages for workstation hardware and software and that allow the user to draw and easily modify product design on a computer screen. Used to design curves and figures in two- dimensional (2D) space; or curves surfaces, and solids in three-dimensional (3D) space. Can be used for the variety of tools for measurement such as tensile strength, yield strength, also its stress and strain and how the element gets affected in certain temperatures Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) The use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing process programming tool, where in two- dimensional (2D)or three dimensional (3D) models of components. Ease of use, has zooming feature whereby designer can magnify certain element of model for inspection which decrease Manufacturing complexity. Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) Use of computer systems to analyze CAD geometry Allows designer to simulate and study how the product will behave, allowing for optimization Finite-element method (FEM) – Divides model into interconnected elements – Solves continuous field problems Computer-Aided Design Process Computer-aided design (CAD) is a way to digitally create 2D drawings and 3D models of real-world products before they're ever manufactured. Two types of activities: synthesis and analysis Synthesis is largely qualitative and hard to capture on computer Analysis can be greatly enhanced with computers Once analysis is complete, design evaluationrapid prototyping Software packages for design optimization  Computer Hardware Hardware refers to the external and internal devices and equipment that enable you to perform major functions such as input, output, storage, communication, processing, and more. These hardware components are further divided into the following categories, which are: Input Devices Output Devices Storage Devices Internal Components  Computer Hardware Desgin Hardware design refers to the process of creating and designing physical components and devices for computer systems, taking into account factors such as industrial design, material selection, production issues, and physical considerations like temperature tolerances and interference with wireless antennas. Hardware design is the creative and essential process responsible for envisioning, planning, and producing the physical components of electronic devices, computer systems, and integrated circuits. As the linchpin of modern technology, hardware design bridges the chasm between abstract concepts and tangible, functional products, propelling our interconnected world forward.  Importance Hardware Desgin The paramount significance of hardware design resonates in the heart of today’s technology-driven world. It serves as the genesis of our electronic devices, from smartphones nestled in our pockets to supercomputers that fuel cutting-edge research. Hardware design breathes life into theoretical ideas, rendering them functional and acting as the bedrock upon which software applications run. Principles of Hardware Desgin Functionality: At the epicenter of hardware design lies the principle of functionality. Hardware must perform its intended purpose efficiently and reliably, be it a household appliance or a satellite system. Efficiency: Resource efficiency, spanning power, space, and materials, constitutes a fundamental principle. Hardware that conserves energy not only aligns with environmental concerns but also proves cost- effective.  Cont. Scalability: Scalability is imperative for many hardware systems, ensuring adaptability to evolving requirements. This attribute is particularly vital in data centers, where hardware must accommodate surging computational demands. Reliability: Hardware systems must be designed to function flawlessly for prolonged periods. Reliability holds utmost importance in applications such as medical devices, where failure can bear life- threatening consequences. Interoperability: In our world of diverse devices and systems, interoperability is paramount. Hardware design should facilitate seamless interaction with other components and devices, fostering connectivity and versatility. Applications of Hardware Design The versatility of hardware design finds expression in a multitude of domains, including: Consumer Electronics: Innovative hardware designs underpin consumer electronics, endowing them with cutting- edge features and performance, from smartphones and tablets to smart TVs and gaming consoles. Computing Systems: The design of computer hardware, encompassing central processing units (CPUs), memory modules, and motherboards, is the cornerstone of powerful and efficient computing systems.  Cont. Embedded Systems: Hardware design is pivotal for embedded systems, specialized computer systems entrenched in an array of applications, from medical devices to automotive control systems. Communication Systems: The hardware underpinning telecommunications and networking equipment forms the backbone of global communication, comprising cell towers, routers, and satellites. Automotive Technology: Hardware design fuels the automotive industry’s pursuit of innovation and safety, be it through engine control units (ECUs) or infotainment systems.  Cont. Aerospace and Defense: Hardware design assumes a critical role in the development of avionics, radar systems, and military equipment, ensuring mission-critical performance. Medical Devices: Medical hardware design gives rise to advanced diagnostic equipment, life-saving devices, and patient monitoring systems that elevate healthcare standards. THANK YOU Insert the Subtitle of Your Presentation