Introduction to Dental Anatomy (1).pdf

Introduction to Dental Anatomy DR. Omyma Mohamed Meabed Dentition specification  TOPICS 01 02 03 04 05 ORAL CAVITY PERIODS OF MACRO AND DENTAL POINT ANGLE- DENTITION MICRO- FORMULA LINE ANGLE-...

Introduction to Dental Anatomy DR. Omyma Mohamed Meabed Dentition specification  TOPICS 01 02 03 04 05 ORAL CAVITY PERIODS OF MACRO AND DENTAL POINT ANGLE- DENTITION MICRO- FORMULA LINE ANGLE- ANATOMY DIVISION INTOTHIRDS- NUMBERING SYSTEM Oral cavity includes 1-lips 2-Gingiva 3-cheek 4-tongue 5-floor of mouth 6-palate (soft,hard) 7-teeth Gingiva Soft tissue which cover tooth root Consist of: oFree gingiva and attached gingiva separated by free gingival groove oGingiva present between teeth called interdental papilla, it is a free gingiva Gingiva Alveolar mucosa Mucogingival junction Attached gingiva Free gingival groove Free gingiva Inter dental papilla cheeks The cheeks (Latin: buccae) constitute the area of the face below the eyes and between the nose and the left or right ear. "Buccal" means relating to the cheek. The area between the inside of the cheek and the teeth and gums is called the vestibule or buccal pouch or buccal cavity Tongue consist of muscle fibers and glands importance: has an important role in: speaking taste mixing food swallowing teeth cleaning Macro-anatomy of tongue : Anterior two thirds: papillary part posterior one third: lymphatic part Separated by sulcus terminalis ❖ Floor of mouth The area beneath the tongue contain blood vessels and salivary glands ❖Palate Roof of mouth divided into 2 parts hard palate and soft palate Hard palate: is the anterior part consist of incisive papilla between 2 upper central incisors, rugae area (anteriorly), median palatine raphe. Soft palate: is the posterior part redder than hard palate Uvula: is the small soft structure hanging from the center of posterior part of soft palate. ❖ Teeth Arranged in two arches or two jaws ( upper and lower). Upper arch fixed in maxilla upper teeth called maxillary teeth. Lower dental arch is attached to the mandible (movable Jaw), lower teeth called mandibular teeth. Mandible joins to the skull by TMJ (temporomandibular joint). Midline : is imaginary vertical line which divide dental arch into 2 equal halves. Occlusal plane: imaginary horizontal line in which upper teeth occlude with lower teeth  Each dental arch can be divided into 2halves So we have 4 quadrants Upper right maxillary quadrant Lower right mandibular quadrant Upper left maxillary quadrant lower left mandibular quadrant Teeth function 1-mastication: Incisors cutting food Canine: wedge shape for tearing food premolars and molars: grinding food 2-appearance 3- speech 4- growth of jaw: if the child eat on one side the growth of the jaw will be unilateral Teeth types Incisors Canines Premolars molars Incisors Two front teeth in each quadrant The central incisor is the first tooth next to mid line. Lateral incisor is the second one. c L Canine(cuspid) Corner stone and the third tooth from the mid -line. One canine in each quadrant  premolars There are 2 premolars in each quadrant. They are the fourth and fifth teeth from the mid line Molars There are 3 molars in each quadrant they are sixth, seventh and eight from the midline Types of dentition Primary Mixed Permanent dentition dentition dentition 6m to 6y 6y to 12y From 12y Primary dentition It is called deciduous dentition, milky teeth or predecessors (from 6 months till 6 years) This period begin at 6 months by eruption of lower first deciduous incisor, the last deciduous tooth erupt the upper second deciduous molar at 24 months. At 3 years old all deciduous teeth reach the occlusal plane They are 20 in number 2incisors, one canine, 2 molars in each quadrant Mixed dentition It is the period which has 2 types of teeth permanent and deciduous teeth Begin by the eruption od lower first permanent molar at 6 years Ends at 12 years by shedding of last deciduous tooth upper canine. Shedding : is the physiological loss of deciduous teeth Called ugly duckling stage because of o Space of shedded teeth o Teeth of different sizes some deciduous some permanent o Gingivitis redness of gingiva and swelling Permanent dentition Called Permanent or secondary or adult teeth or successors teeth Begins at 12 years the complete over the life. There are 32 teeth 2 incisors,1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars in each quadrant Note Permanent molars haven’t predecessors Permanent premolars are the successors of deciduous molars Dental formula It is used to differentiate between human teeth and teeth of other species It indicates the dentition of one side of mouth only The total number of human permanent teeth for one side upper and lower =16 The total number of human deciduous teeth for one side upper and lower =10 Dental formula ❖Human dental formula of permanent teeth 2 1 3 I 2 C 1 P 2 M 3 2 ❖Human dental formula of deciduous teeth 2 1 2 I 2 C M 1 2