Introduction-to-Database-Systems.pptx

Introduction to Database Systems Database systems are the foundation of modern computing, providing secure and efficient storage and management of vast amounts of digital information. These powerful software applications have transformed the way we store, access, and analyze data, enabling businesse...

Introduction to Database Systems Database systems are the foundation of modern computing, providing secure and efficient storage and management of vast amounts of digital information. These powerful software applications have transformed the way we store, access, and analyze data, enabling businesses, organizations, and individuals to make informed decisions and drive innovation. In this comprehensive introduction, we'll explore the core concepts, components, and benefits of database systems, setting the stage for a deeper understanding of this essential technology. by ZAEED NILLIAS CERVANTES What is a Database System? 1 Organized Data Storage 2 Database Management 3 Data Modeling and System (DBMS) Relationships At its core, a database system is a software The DBMS is the software Databases employ data application that provides a that controls and manages models, such as the structured and organized the database, handling relational, hierarchical, or way to store, manage, and tasks such as data object-oriented model, to retrieve digital information. manipulation, query organize and represent It allows users to create, processing, and security. data. These models define update, and query data in a Popular DBMS examples how data is structured and secure and efficient manner. include MySQL, PostgreSQL, how different data elements Oracle, and Microsoft SQL are related to each other. Server. Basic Concepts: Tables, Records, and Fields Tables Records Fields In a relational database, data is A record, or row, represents a Fields, or columns, represent the stored in tables, which are unique instance of an entity different attributes or similar to spreadsheets. Each within a table, such as a characteristics of an entity. Each table has a unique name and customer, product, or field has a specific data type, consists of rows (records) and transaction. Records contain the such as text, number, or date, columns (fields). actual data values for each field. which defines the type of information it can store. File Organization vs. Database Approach: A Comparison 1 File-based Approach Traditional file-based systems store data in separate files, often organized hierarchically. This approach can lead to data redundancy, limited data access, and difficulties in maintaining data integrity and security. 2 Database Approach Database systems provide a more structured and integrated approach to data management. Data is stored in tables, and the DBMS handles tasks such as data manipulation, query processing, and security, ensuring data integrity and efficient access. 3 Benefits of the Database Approach The database approach offers significant advantages, including reduced data redundancy, improved data integrity, better security, and more efficient data access and retrieval through advanced querying capabilities. Advantages of the Database Approach Data Integrity Data Security Database systems enforce data Databases provide advanced integrity rules, ensuring the security features, such as user accuracy and consistency of data. authentication, access control, and This includes validating data types, backup and recovery mechanisms, enforcing relationships, and to protect data from unauthorized maintaining referential integrity. access and loss. Concurrent Access Data Independence Databases enable multiple users to The database approach separates access and modify data the physical storage of data from simultaneously, without its logical representation, allowing compromising data integrity or changes to the underlying data causing conflicts. This is essential structure without affecting the for collaborative environments and applications that use the data. real-time data processing. Users and Actors in a Database System Database Administrators (DBAs) DBAs are responsible for the overall management and maintenance of the database system, including tasks such as configuration, performance tuning, backup and recovery, and user management. Developers Developers create applications that interact with the database, writing queries and code to store, retrieve, and manipulate data. They work closely with DBAs to ensure the database is designed and configured to meet the application's requirements. End-Users End-users are the individuals who interact with the database-powered applications, performing tasks such as data entry, querying, and reporting. Their needs and requirements drive the design and functionality of the database system. Database Administrators (DBAs) and Developers Database Administrators Developers Collaboration and Synergy (DBAs) Developers create applications DBAs and developers must work DBAs are responsible for the and write code to interact with together to ensure the database overall management and the database. They work closely system is designed, maintenance of the database with DBAs to design the implemented, and maintained system. They ensure the database schema, define data effectively. This collaboration database is configured, models, and implement efficient allows them to balance the optimized, and secured to meet queries and data manipulation technical requirements of the the organization's needs. DBAs routines. Developers also write database with the functional also handle tasks such as the business logic that powers needs of the applications and backup, recovery, and the application's functionality. end-users. performance tuning. End-Users and Their Interactions Data Entry End-users interact with the database by entering new data, such as customer information, sales records, or inventory details, through user-friendly interfaces provided by the application. Data Querying Users can query the database to retrieve specific information, either through predefined reports or by constructing their own custom queries. This allows them to make informed decisions based on the data. Data Analysis End-users can analyze the data stored in the database, using tools like data visualization, pivot tables, and dashboards, to gain insights and identify trends that drive business strategy and decision-making. Data Security and Integrity in Database Systems 1 User Authentication 2 Access Control Databases employ user authentication Database systems provide granular access mechanisms, such as username and password, control, allowing administrators to define and to ensure only authorized individuals can assign different levels of permissions to users, access the system and perform specific ensuring they can only access and manipulate actions, maintaining data security and privacy. the data they are authorized to work with. 3 Backup and Recovery 4 Data Validation Robust backup and recovery procedures are Databases enforce data validation rules, such crucial in database systems, enabling as data type checks, range constraints, and organizations to restore data in the event of referential integrity, to ensure the accuracy system failures, hardware malfunctions, or and consistency of the data stored in the data loss, ensuring business continuity and system, maintaining its overall integrity. data integrity. The Future of Database Systems 1 Cloud-based Databases The rise of cloud computing has led to the emergence of cloud-based database solutions, offering scalability, reliability, and accessibility, while reducing the need for on-premises infrastructure and maintenance. 2 Real-time Analytics Advancements in database technologies have enabled real-time data processing and analytics, allowing organizations to make faster, data- driven decisions by providing up-to-the-minute insights into their operations and customer behavior. 3 Machine Learning Integration The integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence into database systems is enabling new capabilities, such as predictive analytics, intelligent data classification, and automated decision- making, further enhancing the value and insights derived from data.