Global and International Engineering PDF

Global and International Engineering Copyright © 2017 Oxford William Oakes & Les Leone University Press  4.1 Introduction Most students choose because they like Math and Science. Many thi...

Global and International Engineering Copyright © 2017 Oxford William Oakes & Les Leone University Press  4.1 Introduction Most students choose because they like Math and Science. Many think that humanities and foreign language classes are over. “Go Global” concept most do not have. Globalization after WWII Providing goods and services to many other areas of the world. Multinational Corporation and Corporate mergers. High speed, low cost communication system and cheap labors in many nations. William Oakes & Les Leone 2 ading was there before but goods were produced by Labor fo within one’s own border. vement of labor across borders. ft factories, research centers, jobs, distribution centers to oth countries to make more profits, develop new materials, get raw materials at low cost and MAXIMIZE PROFITS. oducts and services developed by engineers – hence they ha big role to play. ow about world community, world marketplace and culture. blem solving plus language and cultural skills. William Oakes & Les Leone 3 Discuss: - Factors that drive global economy - International opportunities available for engineers - Preparation needed for an international engineering career. William Oakes & Les Leone 4  4.2 The evolving Global Marketplace anging world Maps – Big changes since WWII ak up of Soviet Union ak up of Eastern Europe ionalistic tendencies in Far and Middle East, Asia and Africa pt 11 of 2001 and terrorism tical and Economic Climate influenced business and trade. OSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON ECONOMY mies have become friends; Friends have become enem William Oakes & Les Leone 5 gers, Acquisitions and International Partnersh - All kinds of industries have undergone mergers. - Chrysler and Daimler Benz - Pfizer, Pharmacia and Upjohn - Dow Chemicals and Union Carbide - General Motors and Saab - Boeing and McDonnel Douglas ccelerated global opportunities for engineers. ompany is bought by another company - become internation oducts might be redesigned. avel can be a possibility. William Oakes & Les Leone 6  NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement 994 nited States, Canada and Mexico. wer tariffs and increase international competitiveness 70 million people and $6.5 trillion production ow second largest market after European Economic Area changes in 2009 - Virtually all tariffs and non- tariffs to trade ween NAFTA partners eliminated. TA was controversial from beginning: fears of jobs getting los s got lost to Central America and Asia rather than Mex William Oakes & Les Leone 7  Many disagree In September 2018, the United States, Mexico, and Canada reached an agreement to replace NAFTA with the United States–Mexico– Canada Agreement (USMCA). NAFTA will remain in force, pending the ratification of the USMCA. GDP (PPP): 2018 estimate Type: Free trade area Establishment: January 1, 1994; 26 years ago 8  European Union – Created after WWII o that the countries do not fight with each other May 2004, number of countries increased from 15 to 25. 007 to 27 (Romania and Belgium) – UK left 2 days back. founding members pooled their coal and steel industr ingle market for goods, services, people, capital (199 U had authority over foreign trade agriculture, transport ater research, education, training, environment, agriculture, ansport, development, technology included. William Oakes & Les Leone 9 - Introduction of single currency in Jan 2002 and European Central Bank - Thriving economic relationship between USA and Europe. - EU’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP of $15.04 trillion: 31% of the world.) - 7 million US works are in jobs connected to EU companies. - Central and Eastern European countries included. - Strengthening of Mediterranean countries. - Aids to developing countries 70 African Caribbean and William Oakes & Les Leone 10 3 International Opportunities for enginee 1. Automobile Industry (1900- 1970) ted by Big 3 in Detroit (General Motors, Ford and Chry or escalation in gasoline prices – hence high mileage, low-co were in demand. Foreign cars came into picture. 50 % share before- now fighting for 20%. Three opening plants in many other countries of the world da, Toyota, Nissan, Mazda, Hyundai, Kia, BMW, Volkswagon. ey have factories here and parts manufacturing here. ny US engineers and technicians work in these foreign comp William Oakes & Les Leone 11  2. Manufacturing - Significant increase in Manufacturing location in the foreign countries. - Research, design, development still done at central locations. - Actual production at different places. - Train native populations on manufacturing. - International students are recruited from US colleges. - Lots of internship opportunities for all. William Oakes & Les Leone 12 - Opportunity to visit foreign countries and train  3. Construction Industry - Big boom in construction industry in last 20 years all over the world. - Roads, bridges dams, airports, power plants, tunnels buildings, factories, whole cities. - Bechtel Global construction firm has offices in 140 countries. - Competition with firms in Germany and Japan. - Many countries depend on US engineers for advice and help. - Restoration of world torn countries. William Oakes & Les Leone 13  4. Pharmaceutical Industry ost profitable and fast growing industry scovery and development of new medicines and new produc ccounts for 2/3 of the world’s pharmaceutical sells. quipment, construction of production facilities, technical sale and management around the globe. crative innovative treatments. Challenges – drug prices e Food and Drug Admin control: many countries not much con William Oakes & Les Leone 14  5. Food Industry d the growing population of the world ter products and new products which can last long. gineers from any field can join with an interest in food techno ca Cola in China, McDonalds in India, Pizza Hut in Russia.. neral Mills earned worldwide revenues $17 Billion in 2012. ployees over the whole world. w materials need to be procured and have to be of good qual neral Mills has purchased many food companies. William Oakes & Les Leone 15  6. Petroleum Industry his is an old industry. USA was the largest consumer and most plants located outsid US based petroleum industry increasing steadily. earch for oil in new areas, design and construction of new cilities, production, processing and storage. Once working, locals can handle the operation. his industry has new challenges and needs engineers. World wide demand increasing and need cultural competence William Oakes & Les Leone 16  7. Chemical Processing Industry vide key ingredient for many other industries. hemical, fibers, films, petroleum, plastic, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and composite material products. hemical - Services to 160 countries: 197 manufacturing 36 countries. More than 52000 people. - 70000 employees in 90 countries- made big expansion in Asia. 111000 employees with 370 production sites in 5 continents. engineers who can work outside USA and are culturally com William Oakes & Les Leone 17  8. Computer and Electronics Industry his one has made the maximum progress in the last 2 decade S shares leadership with Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. S dominates computer software development. ients around the world. ctual production of parts in third world countries. William Oakes & Les Leone 18  9. Telecommunication Industry World has become smaller because of this industry Tremendous global impact. - wireless telephone communication - affordable - Voice and data transmission Companies- Alcatel Lucent – Wireless Technologies Verizon – 188000 Employees, 94 million customers and $110 billion in revenues in 2011 William Oakes & Les Leone 19  10. Environmental Industry d of everybody in the world and providing help to many coun Growing population is a big problem. Companies - Amec or Walsh Environmental - Remediation of soil, water and air. - Environmental impact assessments. - Industrial hygiene health and safety issues. - Bio-remediation – getting rid of excess Chlorine. - Clean source of power William Oakes & Les Leone 20  11. Consulting ACCENTURE is a big firm in consulting. 259000 people in 200 offices in 120 countries. mployees can work in more than one of the major markets during their career. William Oakes & Les Leone 21  12. Technical Sales - Product needs to be sold - Should be knowledgeable about the product - Should have great communication skills to convince people. - Must have training in language, culture, customs, interact efficiently will everybody. - Trouble shooting and working at Client sites. - Amicable and patient and confident. William Oakes & Les Leone 22  Quiz 1. Which of the following factors has not contributed to the globalization of engineering jobs in the last 50 years? 1.Cheap labor overseas 2.Too many engineering graduates in the U.S. 3.Corporate mergers 4.Low cost communications 2. Which of the following countries would not be involved in NAFTA? 5.Japan 6.United States 7.Mexico 8.Canada William Oakes & Les Leone 23  4.4 Preparing for a Global Career PARTICULAR INTEREST AND MOTIVATION IS VERY IMPO Some engineers get into international careers unintentionally Carefully planning, experience and preparation can help you develop a strong career. Language and Cultural Proficiency nglish is taught in many countries as second language. oreign language available in high school. ake advantage of any language and cultural training if possib William Oakes & Les Leone 24 Some companies offer training. Make use of your time and money taking elective courses. APP called DUOLINGO to learn foreign language. Take part in cultural activities on campus. Participation in international clubs and events. It is not essential but will broaden your outlook Be better prepared for future. William Oakes & Les Leone 25  Study Abroad and Exchange Programs At ECC – Department has help available y Abroad Program and Exchange Programs transfer credits. lem solving skills in a different environment with new challen ance your geographical or historical knowledge. elop professional contacts, new direction and new level of confidence. NGTHENED SENSE OF PERSONAL IDENTITY, CREATIVITY, FLEX William Oakes & Les Leone 26  Variety of options Available Full year Program – over 2 semesters Semester Length Program- Equivalent of one semester. Live with foreign nationals. Immerse in a foreign setting and develop skills. A teacher from home institution teaches in a foreign setting. Exchange Program Model - Between 2 Institutions: Common Course credit and transfer issues. - You pay your tuition in your institute and host student in foreign institute. Short Term Specialty Program - Go for short term to like a SPECIAL FIELD TRIP to see specialized facilities, research, operation projects in host countries. Study Tour Model -Academic experience through tourism with educational focus than Williamstudy. Oakes & Les Leone 27  International Work Experience – Co-ops and Internships Cooperative Education – It is a paid position. - College has to make sure it meets learning objectives. - Responsibilities directed towards field of study. Internships- may or may not be paid - May or may not be monitored by school. - Good experience to learn in a new environment.  Valuable Work Experience – First Hand Opportunities, challenges and frustrations.  Guaranteed Immersion in a New Cultural Setting – interest and career planning.  Greater Foreign Language Competency – Good for brain and as a skill.  The Challenges of Living and Learning in an Unfamiliar Work 28 Environment – work ethics,  Special Considerations  Language and Cultural Skills – you should be an asset not an impediment to the daily operations of the firm.  Time and Effort – lot more effort needed for foreign jobs and internships but may be worth the effort.  Confusion over Job responsibilities – Many have high expectations and misconceptions about job responsibilities. May cause frustrations.  Cost- expenses related to airfare, local and regional travel, housing, local administrative costs- should be budgeted properly. William Oakes & Les Leone 29  Choosing the right Employer and Opportunity  Have a good, good resume and skills to be hired by the right employer.  You have to find out which companies you are interested in and their products and business style.  Contact them directly or through your college or university.  Showcase your technical skills, experiences and competencies.  It may take time to go into global jobs.  Project yourself as a William team player Oakes & Les Leoneand have multicultural 30  Quiz (True or False) 1. The numbers of awarded Bachelors of Science degrees in engineering has steadily increased every year since 1955. 2. The European Union is one the world’s largest trading powers. 3. The two geographic areas which have dominated the computer and electronics industry are the U.S. and western Europe. William Oakes & Les Leone 31