Horus University In Egypt: Internal Structures of Cerebrum PDF

tn?sid=1285911864mid=AH4kvs4AADnKRkn00g5F81DLb4kpartid=17f=539fid=Inbox Horus University In Egypt tn?sid=1285911864mid=AH4kvs4AADnKRkn00g5F81DLb4kpartid=17f=539fid=Inbox...

tn?sid=1285911864mid=AH4kvs4AADnKRkn00g5F81DLb4kpartid=17f=539fid=Inbox Horus University In Egypt tn?sid=1285911864mid=AH4kvs4AADnKRkn00g5F81DLb4kpartid=17f=539fid=Inbox Faculty of Physical Therapy tn?sid=1285911864mid=AH4kvs4AADnKRkn00g5F81DLb4kpartid=17f=539fid=Inbox Neuroanatomy tn?sid=1285911864mid=AH4kvs4AADnKRkn00g5F81DLb4kpartid=17f=539fid=Inbox Prof. Dr. Mostafa EL.Habeby Professor of Anatomy tn?sid=1285911864mid=AH4kvs4AADnKRkn00g5F81DLb4kpartid=17f=539fid=Inbox Internal Structures of Cerebral Hemisphere  Internal Structure of Cerebral Hemisphere The interior of each cerebral hemisphere consists of: 1 A core of white matter (nerve fibers). 2 Masses of grey matter (basal nuclei).  Internal Structure 1- White Matter of Cerebral Hemisphere White Matter is made of nerve fibers. These fibers are of 3 types: 1- Association fibers 2- Projection fibers 3-Commissural fibers  Types of fibers Association Projection Commissural Connect the Connect the Connect centers in same cortical with the centers hemisphere subcortical in both hemisphere Types of white matter fibers Types of white matter fibers tn?sid=1285911864mid=AH4kvs4AADnKRkn00g5F81DLb4kpartid=17f=539fid=Inbox I- Association fibers  I- Association fibers Definition: Connect different cortical regions within the same hemisphere. Subdivisions: Divided into: 1- Short association fibers: Connect adjacent gyri and restricted to one lobe. 2- Long association fibers: Extend from one lobe to another within the same hemisphere in form of bundles.  Association fibers Short association fibers Long association fibers Connect from one lobe to adjacent gyri in another within the one lobe same hemisphere tn?sid=1285911864mid=AH4kvs4AADnKRkn00g5F81DLb4kpartid=17f=539fid=Inbox II- Commissural fibers  II- Commissural fibers Definition: Fibers connect corresponding regions of the two hemispheres, As: Corpus Callosum. Parts of corpus Callosum: 1 Rostrum: Anterior end of corpus callosum. 2 Genu: Curved anterior part. 3 Body (trunk): The part that arches posteriorly 4 Splenium: The posterior end. Parts of corpus callosum Parts of corpus callosum  Parts of Corpus Callosum Rostrum: Genu Body (trunk): Splenium:  Corpus callosum in transverse section Corpus callosum in transverse section: 1 Fibers of genu run forwards into frontal lobes forming Forceps Minor. 2 Fibers of trunk run laterally into parietal and temporal lobes to form Tapetum. 3 Fibers of splenium run backwards into occipital lobes to form Forceps Major. Fibers of corpus callosum in a horizontal section  Extension of Corpus Callosum Forceps Minor. Tapetum. Forceps Major Body splenium Genu In the frontal lobe in the temporal in the and parietal lobes occipital lobe  1- Commissural fibers: Types: 1- Corpus callosum 2- Anterior commissure 3- Posterior commissure 4- Habenular commissure 5- Hippocampal commissure  Corpus callosum Corpus callosum radiation1- Corpus callosum. Tapetum Forceps minor fibers Forceps major Body fibers Genu 24  4- Habenular commissure: Connects 2 habenular nulei 3- Posterior commissure: connect 2- Anterior commissure: connects a-two superior colliculi the two temporal lobes B- the pretectal nucleus and Edinger Westiphal N for bilateral light reflex. C-Two occulomotor nuclei for upward gaze  Hippocampus 5- Hippocampal commissure  Anther commissural fibers Anterior Posterior Habenular the pretectal nucleus connects the and Edinger Westiphal two temporal N for bilateral light Connects 2 lobes reflex. habenular nulei Two occulomotor nuclei for upward gaze tn?sid=1285911864mid=AH4kvs4AADnKRkn00g5F81DLb4kpartid=17f=539fid=Inbox III- Projection fibers  III- Projection fibers Projection fibers: Connect cerebral cortex with lower levels of (brain & spinal cord) in both directions (ascending or descending to & from cortex) in corona radiata & internal capsule. Corona radiata: projection fibers which converge from cerebral cortex to the internal capsule and fan out from the internal capsule towards the cortex Internal capsule: Projection fibers passing to and from brain stem to cortex between masses of grey matter. Corona radiata  Projection fibers Corona radiata Internal capsule from cerebral cortex to the internal from brain stem to capsule cortex tn?sid=1285911864mid=AH4kvs4AADnKRkn00g5F81DLb4kpartid=17f=539fid=Inbox Internal Capsule  Parts of Internal Capsule 1 Anterior limb: Between head of caudate nucleus medially and lentiform nucleus laterally 2 Posterior limb: Between thalamus medially and lentiform nucleus laterally. 3 Genu: Bend between anterior & posterior limbs. 4 Retrolenticular part of posterior limb: Behind lentiform nucleus 5 Sublenticular part of posterior limb: Below lentiform. Extent: It is continuous above with corona radiata and below with crus cerebri (of the midbrain). Parts of internal capsule  a b c d e  Parts of internal capsule Anterior limb Posterior limb Genu: Retrolenticula Sublenticular r part of part of posterior limb posterior limb Between the Between the Between ant. cudate N and thalmus and and post limb Lentiform lentiform Below the Behind the lentiform N. lentiform N  Clinical notes of Internal Capsule 1- Tracts passing through internal capsule are closely packed, a small hemorrhage or thrombosis in an artery supplying it cause widespread effects (contralateral hemiplegia & contralateral hemianaesthesia). 2- Because of close relation between basal nuclei and the internal capsule, tumors of the caudate or lentiform nuclei may cause severe motor or sensory symptoms on opposite side of the body. Fawzy Abou Galala (Facbook) Telegram and WhatsApp 01093934905 Easy Anatomy by Dr Fawzy (YouTube channel)