Interfacing Techniques PDF

Interfacing Techniques Prepared by: Engr. Jefferson Remudaro  Interface  Interface is the path for communication between two components. An interim solution that connects to very different systems together in order to exchange data back and forth....

Interfacing Techniques Prepared by: Engr. Jefferson Remudaro  Interface  Interface is the path for communication between two components. An interim solution that connects to very different systems together in order to exchange data back and forth.  Interfacing is of two types, memory interfacing and I/O interfacing. Interface  Interface  Component of Interface  Classification of Data Transfer Scheme  Program Controlled Transfer  Interrupt  Peripheral Control transfer (DMA) Types of Interface  Hardware Interfaces:  USB, HDMI, Ethernet, PCIe, SATA  TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor).  Communication Interfaces:  Serial Interfaces: UART, SPI, I2C, RS232, RS485.  Parallel Interfaces: IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics), parallel ports.  Wireless Interfaces: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee.  Types of Interface  Control Interfaces:  GPIO (General-Purpose Input/Output), interrupts, and control buses.  Power Interfaces:  DC power jack, USB Power Delivery (USB PD), PoE (Power over Ethernet).  Interface  Why?  Microcomputer revolution will continue into the future.  Many will be required to specify and integrate microprocessors into the products or system.  Well design flexible interfaces will be required to ensure compatibility with other equipment and provide provision for future options.  Deals with the systematic study of microprocessor interfaces and their application in diversified field.  Interfaces are the last thing to be considered in the race of new technology.  Interface  Why?  Electrical compatibility must be ensured before any thought of connecting two devices occurs. Often the two devices have input and output signals that do not match; if so, the interface serves to match the electrical levels of these signals before the physical connections are made.  Mechanical compatibility simply means that the connector plugs must fit together properly.  Interface  Data Compatibility  Data Compatibility Just as two people must speak a common language, the computer and peripheral must agree upon the form and meaning of data before communicating it.  As a programmer one of the most difficult compatibility requirements to fulfill before exchanging data is that the format and meaning of the data being sent is identical to that anticipated by the receiving device.  Timing Compatibility  Since all devices do not have standard data-transfer rates, nor do they always agree as to when the transfer will take place. a consensus between sending and receiving device must be made. If the sender and receiver can agree on both transfer rate and beginning point (in time), the process can be made readily.  Interface  Interface  Is a shared boundary between system element defined by common physical interconnection characteristics, signal characteristic and meaning of interchange signals.  Is a tool and concept that refers to a point of interaction between components, and is applicable at the level of both hardware and software.  Allows the component to function independently while using interfaces to communicate with other components via input/output system and an associated protocol.  Interface  Interface devices  A device that meets the interface specifications on one side of an interface.  The term usually applied to a device through which a system or equipment works to meet interface specification.  Interface Specification  A set of technical requirements that must be met at an interface. Interface Interfacing Interfacing Standards Interfacing Device 1 and Converters Device 2 Interface  Peripheral  Peripheral devices  A peripheral device is an internal or external device that connects to a computer but does not contribute to the computer’s primary function.  It helps end user to access and use the functionalities of a computer.  Types of peripheral devices  Input devices (keyboard or mouse)  Output devices (printer and monitor)  Storage devices (hard drive or flash drive)  Peripheral  Each I/O device needs to be connected to:  Address bus – to pass address to peripheral.  Data bus – to pass data to and from peripheral.  Control bus – to control signals to peripheral.  I/O  I/O Devices  I/O ports  Printer  USB port  Monitor  Parallel port  Keyboard  Serial port  Audio Speaker  DVD Drive  Touch Screen  Keypad  Interfacing Applications  Man machine interface Keyboard Computer Monitor Machine Interfacing Applications  Robotics – stepper motor  Traffic light Control system  PC peripheral  Home appliances  Hospital Equipment  Military application