Intelligence Quotient (IQ) PDF

 William Stern (1871 – 1938) devised the concept of IQ. Intelligence  It is a numerical score on an Quotient intelligence test. (IQ)  It shows how much someone’s intelligence compares with other people of the same age. ...

 William Stern (1871 – 1938) devised the concept of IQ. Intelligence  It is a numerical score on an Quotient intelligence test. (IQ)  It shows how much someone’s intelligence compares with other people of the same age.   If you took all the intelligence test scores obtained by a large number of people and plotted them in terms of Normal frequency (how often each score occurs) they will be distributed as a Curve normal curve.  Most scores will cluster around the middle. Normal Curve  PERCENTAGE OF SCORE CLASSIFICATION POPULATION 130 and Very superior 2.2 above 120-129 Superior 6.7 110-119 High average 16.1 90-109 Average 50 80-89 Low average 16.1 70-79 Borderline 6.7 69 and Extremely low 2.2 below   IQ gives a measure of intelligence, but IQ can be affected by many factors:  Type of test Does IQ =  Conditions of test (how, when etc.) Intelligence?  Characteristics of test taker  IQ is not the sole determinant of intelligence.  1) Water lillies double in area every 24 hours. At the beginning of the summer there is 1 lilly on a lake. It takes 60 days for the lake to become covered with water lillies. On what Five- day is the lake half covered? 2) A farmer has 17 sheep. All but 9 break Minute IQ through a hole in the fence and wander away. How many are left? Test 3) You have black socks and brown socks in your drawer mixed in a ratio of 4 to 5. How many socks will you have to take out in order to have a pair of the same colour?  1) On day 59. Remember the number doubles every day so half the pond Five- would be covered on day 59 –> it doubles –> day 60 completely Minute IQ 2) covered. 9 sheep. It is just a matter of careful Test reading. 3) 3 socks. The ratio information is irrelevant. Intellectually Gifted and Disabled   People to the extreme right of the curve have IQ scores Intellectually considerably above the average. Gifted or  People to the extreme left Disabled of the curve have IQ scores considerably below the average.   Individuals with an IQ of 130 or higher are referred to as intellectually gifted. Intellectually  Individuals with an IQ of 150 are referred to as a genius. Gifted  Some past famous geniuses include Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, Leonardo da Vinci, Mozart...   Lewis Terman selected 1500 children between the ages of 8 – 12 with an IQ around 140 or higher. They found:  The children were superior physically and intellectually. Intellectually  Read on wider topics. Gifted  Achieved higher grades in schools.  Higher leadership ability.  Better social skills.  However, it was not related to success in life.   People with an IQ of 70 or less are considered as intellectually disabled. Intellectually  Often have inadequate personal skills and communication. Disabled  Vary widely in their abilities and limitations.   Chromosomal abnormalities  Brain infection before and after birth Causes of  Lack of oxygen at birth Intellectual  Brain damage Disability  Extremely premature  Drug abuse  Inadequate diet and health   There are two types of Savant Syndrome: 1. Congenital Savants: Savant  Are born with the condition; have an IQ below 70; struggle with independent Syndrome 2. functioning. Acquired Savants:  Develop Savant Syndrome following brain trauma/injury; have a normal IQ; can function independently.   Can be considered an intellectual disability.  The individual normally has a low overall IQ (below 70), but displays Congenital exceptional skill even for someone with a normal IQ. Savant  Savant syndrome is a rare condition Syndrome with 1% of people with a disability (which is 2.2% of the population) being savant.  Interestingly, men significantly outnumber women. Congenital  Those with savant syndrome usually have very limited mental abilities but Savant have extraordinary abilities in specific Syndrome skills. Acquired  Acquired savants support Gardner’s research as intelligence can be Savant affected if a particular part of the Syndrome brain is damaged.   The skills are found within a narrow range.  Include skills such as: Savant  Calendric calculations Skills  Art  Music  Memory for trivial facts like postcodes, phone numbers, etc.   Howard Gardner believes that many Howard people with savant syndrome provide evidence of multiple intelligences. Gardner  Brain damage can severely impair certain mental abilities without and affecting others. Savants  Intelligence is not a single underlying ability. Causes of  There are multiple theories as to the Savant cause of savant syndrome... Syndrome   The left anterior temporal lobe is involved with processing sensory input, Left recognising objects and forming visual memories. Anterior  Damage to this area can result in Savant Syndrome. Temporal  Using transcranial magnetic stimulation it is possible to temporarily Lobe ‘disable’ this section of the brain which results in Savant Syndrome symptoms in normal individuals.   Very recent research in 2017 has suggested an explanation for the development of Savant Syndrome. Left  Injury occurs to the left hemisphere with over compensation from the right. Hemisphere (Wisconsin Medical Society, 2017).  The behaviours of Savant Syndrome are specific to right brain traits with MRI and CT scans supporting this.   Many congenital savants, including Kim Peek, have no corpus callosum.  The corpus callosum is a series of fibres Corpus which connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Callosum  This may explain Kim’s phenomenal ability of being able to read two pages at once, one with each eye.