Injectable Drugs for Diabetes Part 1.docx

Injectable Drugs for Diabetes \#\#\# \*\*Slide 2: Regulation of Blood Glucose\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas?\*\* \- A. Insulin \- B. Glucagon \- C. Amylin \- D. Incretins \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Glucagon 2\. \*\*Which hormone attenuates the larg...

Injectable Drugs for Diabetes \#\#\# \*\*Slide 2: Regulation of Blood Glucose\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas?\*\* \- A. Insulin \- B. Glucagon \- C. Amylin \- D. Incretins \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Glucagon 2\. \*\*Which hormone attenuates the large increase in plasma glucose that occurs with a meal?\*\* \- A. Insulin \- B. Amylin \- C. GLP-1 \- D. Glucagon \*\*Answer:\*\* C. GLP-1 3\. \*\*Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down GLP-1?\*\* \- A. Amylin \- B. DPP-4 \- C. Glucokinase \- D. Alpha-glucosidase \*\*Answer:\*\* B. DPP-4 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 3: Insulin - Indications and Production\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is an indication for insulin therapy?\*\* \- A. Type 1 diabetes only \- B. Gestational diabetes only \- C. Type 1, Type 2, secondary diabetes, and gestational diabetes \- D. Diabetes insipidus \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Type 1, Type 2, secondary diabetes, and gestational diabetes 2\. \*\*Which of the following methods is used to produce modern insulin?\*\* \- A. Extraction from pork pancreas \- B. Recombinant DNA technology \- C. Bovine insulin extraction \- D. Synthetic analogs from human stem cells \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Recombinant DNA technology 3\. \*\*Why is insulin from recombinant DNA technology preferred over animal-based insulin?\*\* \- A. It is cheaper to produce \- B. It reduces the risk of antibody formation and allergic reactions \- C. It lasts longer in the body \- D. It is less potent \*\*Answer:\*\* B. It reduces the risk of antibody formation and allergic reactions \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 5: Insulin - Effects on the Body\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following tissues does insulin have an effect on?\*\* \- A. Skeletal muscle \- B. Adipose tissue \- C. Liver \- D. All of the above \*\*Answer:\*\* D. All of the above 2\. \*\*Insulin promotes the storage of glucose in the liver by converting it to which of the following?\*\* \- A. Fatty acids \- B. Amino acids \- C. Glycogen \- D. Uric acid \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Glycogen 3\. \*\*How does insulin affect triglycerides (TG) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)?\*\* \- A. It increases triglyceride breakdown \- B. It increases triglyceride synthesis and VLDL formation \- C. It decreases VLDL synthesis but increases triglyceride synthesis \- D. It decreases both triglyceride and VLDL synthesis \*\*Answer:\*\* B. It increases triglyceride synthesis and VLDL formation \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 6: Insulin Degradation and Metabolism\*\* 1\. \*\*What percentage of insulin is deactivated by the liver?\*\* \- A. 5-10% \- B. 20-50% \- C. 70-80% \- D. 90-100% \*\*Answer:\*\* B. 20-50% 2\. \*\*Which of the following organs is primarily responsible for the metabolism of insulin besides the liver?\*\* \- A. Lungs \- B. Kidneys \- C. Pancreas \- D. Spleen \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Kidneys 3\. \*\*In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), insulin dosing should be:\*\* \- A. Increased due to decreased clearance \- B. Decreased due to decreased clearance \- C. Increased due to increased clearance \- D. Maintained at the same dose \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Decreased due to decreased clearance \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 6: Insulin Administration and Absorption\*\* 1\. \*\*Which form of insulin administration is typically used for patients with very uncontrolled diabetes in a hospital setting?\*\* \- A. Subcutaneous injections \- B. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion \- C. Intravenous infusion \- D. Inhaled insulin \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Intravenous infusion 2\. \*\*Which site provides the most rapid absorption of subcutaneous insulin?\*\* \- A. Thigh \- B. Abdomen \- C. Arm \- D. Buttock \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Abdomen 3\. \*\*Rotating insulin injection sites within a particular area helps prevent which of the following complications?\*\* \- A. Insulin resistance \- B. Lipodystrophy \- C. Hyperglycemia \- D. Weight gain \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Lipodystrophy \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 7: Lipoatrophy\*\* 1\. \*\*Lipoatrophy is a form of lipodystrophy that results in:\*\* \- A. Increased subcutaneous fat at the injection site \- B. Loss of subcutaneous fat at the injection site \- C. Scarring at the injection site \- D. Pigmentation changes at the injection site \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Loss of subcutaneous fat at the injection site 2\. \*\*Which of the following is a cause of lipoatrophy in diabetic patients?\*\* \- A. Repeated injections at the same site \- B. Use of outdated insulin products \- C. Overuse of long-acting insulin \- D. Incorrect needle size \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Repeated injections at the same site 3\. \*\*Newer insulin analogs have been shown to reduce the incidence of which injection site reaction?\*\* \- A. Lipohypertrophy \- B. Lipoatrophy \- C. Injection site infections \- D. Painful injections \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Lipoatrophy \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 8: Lipohypertrophy\*\* 1\. \*\*What is lipohypertrophy?\*\* \- A. Loss of muscle tissue due to insulin injections \- B. Growth of tissue at insulin injection sites \- C. Scarring from repeated insulin injections \- D. Inflammation at the injection site \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Growth of tissue at insulin injection sites 2\. \*\*Which of the following contributes to the development of lipohypertrophy in insulin-treated patients?\*\* \- A. Injection of insulin into the same site repeatedly \- B. Using a short needle for injections \- C. Use of inhaled insulin \- D. Alternating injection sites too frequently \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Injection of insulin into the same site repeatedly 3\. \*\*Which action can reduce the risk of lipohypertrophy?\*\* \- A. Using a smaller needle size \- B. Increasing insulin dose \- C. Rotating injection sites \- D. Using only short-acting insulin \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Rotating injection sites \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 9: Insulin Syringe Size\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is true about insulin syringe markings?\*\* \- A. They are marked in 5-unit intervals \- B. They are marked in 1-2 unit intervals \- C. They are marked in 10-unit intervals \- D. They have no markings for units \*\*Answer:\*\* B. They are marked in 1-2 unit intervals 2\. \*\*Which of the following insulin syringe sizes would be used to administer a 50-unit dose?\*\* \- A. 0.3 mL syringe \- B. 0.5 mL syringe \- C. 1 mL syringe \- D. 1.5 mL syringe \*\*Answer:\*\* B. 0.5 mL syringe 3\. \*\*What is the needle gauge range used for insulin syringes?\*\* \- A. 18-22 gauge \- B. 24-26 gauge \- C. 28-32 gauge \- D. 34-36 gauge \*\*Answer:\*\* C. 28-32 gauge \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 10: Insulin Pen Needle Size\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is true regarding insulin pens and their needles?\*\* \- A. Insulin pens come with attached needles \- B. Needles for insulin pens must be ordered separately \- C. Insulin pens are used without needles \- D. The needle gauge for insulin pens is larger than for syringes \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Needles for insulin pens must be ordered separately 2\. \*\*Which needle length is commonly used for insulin pen needles?\*\* \- A. 4-12.7 mm \- B. 18-24 mm \- C. 8-10 mm \- D. 2-6 mm \*\*Answer:\*\* A. 4-12.7 mm 3\. \*\*The higher the gauge number of an insulin pen needle, the:\*\* \- A. Thicker the needle \- B. Thinner the needle \- C. Longer the needle \- D. Shorter the needle \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Thinner the needle \#\#\# \*\*Slide 5: Insulin - Effects on the Body (Additional Questions)\*\* 1\. \*\*Which transporter is responsible for insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?\*\* \- A. GLUT1 \- B. GLUT2 \- C. GLUT4 \- D. SGLT2 \*\*Answer:\*\* C. GLUT4 2\. \*\*Which of the following is an effect of insulin on skeletal muscle?\*\* \- A. Decreased protein synthesis \- B. Increased protein synthesis \- C. Decreased glycogen synthesis \- D. Increased glucose breakdown only \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Increased protein synthesis 3\. \*\*Insulin promotes the storage of triglycerides in which of the following tissues?\*\* \- A. Liver \- B. Skeletal muscle \- C. Adipose tissue \- D. Brain \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Adipose tissue 4\. \*\*What effect does insulin have on protein catabolism in the body?\*\* \- A. It increases protein catabolism \- B. It decreases protein catabolism \- C. It has no effect on protein catabolism \- D. It increases protein catabolism only in the liver \*\*Answer:\*\* B. It decreases protein catabolism 5\. \*\*How does insulin affect the synthesis of triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)?\*\* \- A. It decreases triglyceride synthesis but increases VLDL synthesis \- B. It decreases both triglyceride and VLDL synthesis \- C. It increases both triglyceride and VLDL synthesis \- D. It has no effect on triglycerides or VLDL \*\*Answer:\*\* C. It increases both triglyceride and VLDL synthesis 6\. \*\*Which tissue is involved in insulin-mediated glycogen synthesis?\*\* \- A. Liver \- B. Pancreas \- C. Adrenal glands \- D. Lungs \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Liver 7\. \*\*What is the primary role of insulin in the liver?\*\* \- A. To promote glucose breakdown \- B. To increase glucose storage as glycogen \- C. To increase protein breakdown \- D. To increase fatty acid oxidation \*\*Answer:\*\* B. To increase glucose storage as glycogen 8\. \*\*In the presence of insulin, skeletal muscle will:\*\* \- A. Increase fatty acid oxidation \- B. Decrease glucose uptake \- C. Increase glycogen synthesis \- D. Decrease protein synthesis \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Increase glycogen synthesis 9\. \*\*Which early sign of diabetes can be observed due to insulin\'s effect on triglycerides and VLDL?\*\* \- A. Decreased triglycerides and VLDL \- B. Increased triglycerides and VLDL \- C. Increased protein synthesis \- D. Decreased glucose storage \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Decreased triglycerides and VLDL