Injectable Diabetes Part 1.docx

1\. Which cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon? - A\) Alpha cells - B\) Beta cells - C\) Delta cells - D\) Gamma cells Answer: A) Alpha cells 2\. What is the role of GLP-1 in glucose regulation? - A\) Stimulates alpha cells to release glucagon - B\) Inhibits insulin secretion...

1\. Which cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon? - A\) Alpha cells - B\) Beta cells - C\) Delta cells - D\) Gamma cells Answer: A) Alpha cells 2\. What is the role of GLP-1 in glucose regulation? - A\) Stimulates alpha cells to release glucagon - B\) Inhibits insulin secretion - C\) Stimulates beta cells to secrete more insulin - D\) Promotes glucagon release Answer: C) Stimulates beta cells to secrete more insulin 3\. What is a common adverse effect of insulin therapy? - A\) Hyperglycemia - B\) Hypoglycemia - C\) Hypertension - D\) Hypokalemia Answer: B) Hypoglycemia 4\. What is the onset time for rapid-acting insulin like Apidra® or Humalog®? - A\) 5-10 minutes - B\) 10-30 minutes - C\) 1 hour - D\) 2 hours Answer: B) 10-30 minutes 5\. Which insulin type has the longest duration of action? - A\) Regular insulin - B\) NPH insulin - C\) Insulin glargine - D\) Insulin aspart Answer: C) Insulin glargine 6\. What is the function of insulin in the body? - A\) Increases glucose storage as glycogen - B\) Promotes protein catabolism - C\) Reduces triglyceride synthesis - D\) Increases glucagon secretion Answer: A) Increases glucose storage as glycogen 7\. Which route of administration is NOT typically used for insulin? - A\) Subcutaneous - B\) Intramuscular - C\) Intravenous - D\) Inhalation Answer: B) Intramuscular 8\. What is a potential adverse effect of repeated insulin injections at the same site? - A\) Lipoatrophy - B\) Lipohypertrophy - C\) Hyperglycemia - D\) Hypoglycemia Answer: B) Lipohypertrophy 9\. Which insulin type is considered intermediate-acting? - A\) Insulin lispro - B\) Insulin aspart - C\) NPH insulin - D\) Insulin glargine Answer: C) NPH insulin 10\. Which area of the body provides the most rapid absorption of insulin? - A\) Abdomen - B\) Thigh - C\) Arm - D\) Buttock Answer: A) Abdomen 11\. Which type of insulin is recommended for continuous intravenous infusion in patients with severe hyperglycemia? - A\) Insulin aspart - B\) Regular insulin - C\) NPH insulin - D\) Insulin glargine Answer: B) Regular insulin 12\. Which insulin preparation should be gently rolled between the hands before administration? - A\) Regular insulin - B\) Insulin glargine - C\) NPH insulin - D\) Insulin lispro Answer: C) NPH insulin 13\. Which long-acting insulin has the longest duration of action, lasting up to 42 hours? - A\) Lantus® (insulin glargine) - B\) Toujeo® (insulin glargine U-300) - C\) Tresiba® (insulin degludec) - D\) Levemir® (insulin detemir) Answer: C) Tresiba® (insulin degludec) 14\. What is the recommended starting dose for basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes? - A\) 0.1-0.2 units/kg at bedtime - B\) 0.3-0.4 units/kg at bedtime - C\) 0.5-0.6 units/kg in the morning - D\) 10 units at bedtime Answer: A) 0.1-0.2 units/kg at bedtime 15\. Which combination insulin product contains 70% NPH and 30% regular insulin? - A\) Humalog Mix 75/25 - B\) Novolin 70/30 - C\) NovoLog Mix 70/30 - D\) Humalog Mix 50/50 Answer: B) Novolin 70/30 16\. Which insulin product is inhaled? - A\) Afrezza® - B\) Humalog® - C\) NovoLog® - D\) Lantus® Answer: A) Afrezza® 17\. Which type of insulin therapy is considered basal insulin therapy? - A\) Rapid-acting insulin - B\) Bolus insulin - C\) Long-acting insulin - D\) Mealtime insulin Answer: C) Long-acting insulin 18\. Which hormone is released by the pancreas in response to hypoglycemia to raise blood glucose levels? - A\) Insulin - B\) Glucagon - C\) GLP-1 - D\) Amylin Answer: B) Glucagon 19\. What is the primary role of GLP-1 agonists in the management of type 2 diabetes? - A\) Increase glucagon secretion - B\) Reduce hepatic glucose production - C\) Increase insulin secretion - D\) Increase gastric emptying Answer: C) Increase insulin secretion 20\. What is a significant cardiovascular benefit of GLP-1 agonists? - A\) Decrease in blood pressure - B\) Increase in triglycerides - C\) Increase in C-reactive protein - D\) Reduction in HDL cholesterol Answer: A) Decrease in blood pressure 21\. Which GLP-1 agonist is derived from gila monster lizard saliva? - A\) Exenatide (Byetta®) - B\) Liraglutide (Victoza®) - C\) Dulaglutide (Trulicity®) - D\) Semaglutide (Ozempic®) Answer: A) Exenatide (Byetta®) 22\. Which GLP-1 agonist is available in both injectable and oral forms? - A\) Exenatide - B\) Semaglutide - C\) Liraglutide - D\) Dulaglutide Answer: B) Semaglutide 23\. What is a common side effect associated with GLP-1 agonists? - A\) Hypoglycemia - B\) Weight loss - C\) Weight gain - D\) Hyperglycemia Answer: B) Weight loss 24\. What is the primary contraindication for GLP-1 agonist therapy? - A\) Pancreatitis - B\) Hypertension - C\) Hypotension - D\) Hypokalemia Answer: A) Pancreatitis 25\. What is the boxed warning associated with GLP-1 agonists? - A\) Risk of thyroid cell tumors - B\) Risk of renal failure - C\) Risk of pancreatitis - D\) Risk of cardiovascular events Answer: A) Risk of thyroid cell tumors 26\. Which GLP-1 agonist is associated with cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with established cardiovascular disease? - A\) Exenatide - B\) Semaglutide - C\) Liraglutide - D\) Dulaglutide Answer: C) Liraglutide 27\. What is the primary mechanism of action of pramlintide (Symlin®)? - A\) Increases insulin secretion - B\) Slows gastric emptying - C\) Reduces glucagon secretion - D\) Reduces hepatic glucose production Answer: B) Slows gastric emptying 28\. What is a key safety concern with pramlintide (Symlin®) therapy? - A\) Severe hypoglycemia - B\) Weight gain - C\) Hyperkalemia - D\) Renal failure Answer: A) Severe hypoglycemia