Inflammation 2 PDF

Inflammation 2 Associate professor/ Heba Elhendawy.  Non suppurative inflammation 1.Catarrhal inflammation: Excessive mucous secretion. e.g. catarrhal rhinitis. 2. Membranous inflammation (Pseudomembranous inflammation) Sever acute inflammation characterized by formation of pseudo membrane....

Inflammation 2 Associate professor/ Heba Elhendawy.  Non suppurative inflammation 1.Catarrhal inflammation: Excessive mucous secretion. e.g. catarrhal rhinitis. 2. Membranous inflammation (Pseudomembranous inflammation) Sever acute inflammation characterized by formation of pseudo membrane. e.g. Diphtheria, bacillary dysentery. 3. Sero-fibrinous inflammation Acute inflammation is characterized by formation of excessive fluid exudate rich in fibrinogen. e.g. inflammation in serous sacs (pericardium, pleura).  4. Serous inflammation - Acute inflammation is characterized by formation of excessive serous exudate. e.g. mild burns, herpes simplex vesicles. 5. Hemorrhagic inflammation Acute inflammation is characterized by cell exudate rich in RBCs due to vascular damage. e.g. Small pox. 6. Necrotizing inflammation Acute inflammation is characterized by marked tissue necrosis and putrefaction. Cause: Borrelia vencentii+immunocompromised patient. Trench mouth. e.g. cancrum oris, ANUG (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis). 7. Allergic inflammation - Latex allergy. Chronic nonspecific inflammation Chronic specific inflammation (granulomatous inflammation) Different irritants produce chronic inflammation that have the Characterized by the formation of granuloma hence same microscopic picture. the name granulomatous inflammation. Microscopic picture: Granuloma components: Diffuse accumulation of macrophages and lymphocytes, less - huge aggregate of epithelioid cells (activated prominent vascular changes, macrophage). few inflammatory exudate, and - The epithelioid cells can fuse with each other to new fibrous tissue formations at the site of injury. form multinucleated giant cells. - Surrounded by a cuff of lymphocytes and occasional plasma cells. Examples: TB, Syphilis, sarcoidosis, foreign body granulomas Chronic abscess, chronic suppurative osteomyelitis. Microscopic picture of granuloma: 1. Huge aggregate of epithelioid cells (activated macrophage). 2. multinucleated giant cells. 3. Surrounded by a cuff of lymphocytes and occasional plasma cells. Causes of granulomatous inflammation 1. Bacterial Tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilitic gumma, actinomycosis. 2. Parasitic Schistosomiasis, filariasis , toxoplasmosis. 3. Fungal Cryptococcosis, blastomycosis. 4. Inorganic dusts Silicosis. 5. Foreign body Suture, breast prosthesis, wood,…etc. 6. Unknown etiology Sarcoidosis , Crohn`s disease. Sarcoidosis (non caseating granulomas) Shouman bodies Asteroid bodies Test your self … End of inflammation 2 Repair of Wounds  Repair by regeneration Def: It is the replacement of damaged tissue by healthy one of the same kind. Depend on: 1. Cells ability to divide (capability of regeneration). 2. Supporting framework (connective tissue stroma) is intact. Types of cells according to (proliferative potential): Labile Stable Permanent  Labile cells: Continuously dividing cells in postnatal life. They are of short life span. Examples: epidermis of the skin, surface epith. of mucous membrane, hemopoietic cells of the bone marrow. Injury of these cell is followed by complete regeneration providing that the supporting stroma is intact  Stable cells: -Normally, these cells undergo few postnatal divisions but are capable of division when activated or after injury. Examples:They include hepatocytes, renal tubular cells, glandular cells, and mesenchymal cells e.gsmooth muscle, osteoblasts, cartilage cells, endothelium and connective tissue cells. Injury of these cells is followed by complete regeneration if the supporting framework is preserved.  Permanent cells: cannot undergo mitotic division in postnatal life. Examples: Permanent cells are found in the central nervous system and heart. Once they are destroyed, they cannot regenerate. Granulation tissue Mature fibrous tissue Repair of skin wound Important questions: 1. Enumerate & define types of non-suppurative inflammation. 2. Histopathology of granuloma. 3. Difference between TB and sarcoidosis granuloma. 4. Repair by regeneration (discuss different types of cells according its regenerative ability). 5. Repair by fibrosis (discuss components of granulation tissue). 6. Difference between healing by 1ry and 2ry intention. 7. The healing mechanism of bone fracture. Thank you