Infection Control PPT (student version).pdf

ROUTINE PRACTICES AND ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS: INFECTION CONTROL IN ACUTE CARE OBJECTIVES (NURSING CORE COMPETENCIES) 1. Basic Microbiology 2. Hand Hygiene 3. Routine Practices and Additional Precautions (Isolation) 4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 5. Personal Safety 6. Sterilization and Dis...

ROUTINE PRACTICES AND ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS: INFECTION CONTROL IN ACUTE CARE OBJECTIVES (NURSING CORE COMPETENCIES) 1. Basic Microbiology 2. Hand Hygiene 3. Routine Practices and Additional Precautions (Isolation) 4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 5. Personal Safety 6. Sterilization and Disinfection 7. Critical Assessment Skills . . ROUTINE PRACTICES ▪Risk Assessment ▪Hand Hygiene ▪Gloves ▪Masks and Protective Eyewear ▪Gowns ▪Patient Care Equipment ▪Sharps Injury Prevention PCRA-Point of Care Risk Assessment Patient-Symptoms and Behavior Environment Type of Interaction Helps Determine- Patient Placement and PPE Hand Washing ▪ ▪ Plain soap & warm, not hot water Don’t forget, wash thumbs, in between fingers, under rings and make a fist and clean the cracks! HAND HYGIENE An alcohol based hand rub (ABHR) is an alternative when hands are not visibly soiled • Effectively reduces the bacteria count on hands • Is NOT effective if the patient has C-diff Apply to the palm of one hand and rub together over all hand surfaces until dry WHEN TO CLEAN HANDS Ministry of Health and Long Term Care, Ontario www.justcleanyourhands.ca PPE - GLOVES Wear gloves when in contact with blood, body fluids, mucous membranes, non-intact skin or items or surfaces visibly soiled with blood and/or body fluids Always perform hand hygiene immediately after removing gloves Gloves are not a substitute for hand hygiene Do Not use gloves to access clean supplies or answer the phone PPE - WHAT TYPE OF MASK? For airborne infections - N95 respirator (fit testing must be done) For droplets – surgical/procedure mask For procedures – surgical/procedure mask N95 Procedure Mask PPE - EYE PROTECTION GOWNS AND Worn during activities that are likely to generate splashes of blood, body fluids, secretions or excretions (i.e. intubation, suctioning, trauma) or chemicals cleaning instruments) Sequence for Putting on PPE Hand Hygiene Gown Mask or respirator Goggles or face shield Gloves Sequence for Removing PPE Gloves Hand Hygiene Gown Hand Hygiene Goggles or face shield Mask / N95 Respirator Hand Hygiene WHERE TO REMOVE PPE ▪ At doorway, before leaving patient room and prior to entering anteroom* ▪ Remove N95 respirator outside room, after door has been closed* TERMINOLOGY Cleaning: The removal of visible soil Disinfection: The application of a disinfectant to materials and surfaces to destroy disease producing organisms Sterilization: The complete eradication of all forms of microbial life including all bacteria, bacterial spores, viruses and fungi on a device that has been properly cleaned STERILIZED ITEMS Sterilization Basics: Integrity Check ▪Look for signs of moisture ▪Look for tears, rips and holes ▪Check the external chemical indicator ▪Check the internal chemical indicator ▪When in doubt don’t use WASTE General Waste: Black Garbage Bags Soiled dressings, sponges, surgical drapes, lavage tubes, casts, catheters, disposable gloves, specimen containers, aprons, IV tubing, disposable sheets, anything with urine and feces soiling Most items All household waste All food production waste All maintenance and office administration waste **Recycle paper and plastic when appropriate BIOHAZARD WASTE Human Anatomical Waste Placentas, human tissues, organs and body parts (NOT hair, nails, teeth) Microbiology Lab Waste Lab cultures or specimens of microorganisms, live or attenuated vaccines, human or animal cultures Human Blood and Body Fluid Waste, does not include feces or urine Items saturated or dripping with blood, body fluids removed for diagnosis during surgery, treatment or autopsy Human fluid blood and blood product Waste sharps SHARPS Dispose of immediately in puncture resistant container Don’t over fill container When changing a container, close tightly When using a new container ensure all 4 corners are “snapped in” WHEN ROUTINE PRACTICES ARE NOT ENOUGH............... ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS Airborne: TB Airborne/Contact: chickenpox, measles Droplet: Bacterial Meningitis Droplet/Contact: Influenza, respiratory infections Contact: ARO’s, C-Diff , diarrhea Printed on Yellow paper ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT ORGANISMS (ARO) MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staph aureus) CPO (Carbapenemase Producing Organism) ESBL (Extended spectrum Beta Lactamase) How are they transmitted? Spread by direct contact What additional precautions are taken in Acute Care? Contact Precautions Screening CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION (CDI) Predominant symptom is diarrhea Usually associated with antibiotic use C.diff bacteria releases spores which are transferred from contaminated surfaces and equipment by unwashed hands Spores live for extended periods of time in the environment and must be physically removed Printed on red paper Printed on blue paper WHEN STAFF ARE DECIDING IF A PATIENT ON CONTACT PRECAUTIONS FOR AN ARO CAN BE OUT OF THEIR ROOM, CONSIDER THE 4 C’S. 1. CLEAN Hands - patient to perform hand hygiene before leaving room? 2. CLEAN Clothes– patient to have on clean gown or clothes? 3. CONTAINED Wounds/Body Fluids – wounds covered with clean dressing. Urine/feces and other body fluids contained? 4. COOPERATIVE – is patient able to follow instructions regarding the 4 C’s? VACCINATIONS Know your vaccination history Did you get your flu shot? • Up to 50% of cases of influenza are without symptoms – excreting virus but feeling fine DO YOUR PART….. Wash your hands Do not come to work if you are sick Clean equipment between patient use Always use Routine Practices Use Additional Precautions when necessary Protect yourself Use gloves appropriately Immunize WHO IS INFECTION CONTROL??