Industrial Pharmacy Lecture 3 PDF

Capsules provides accurate dose. capsules are tasteless, odorless when swallowed, which is not the case with oral liquid medication. the shapes and colors of capsules and the manufacturer’s name and product code number on their surface help to identify capsules (easily identified). Isoelectri...

Capsules provides accurate dose. capsules are tasteless, odorless when swallowed, which is not the case with oral liquid medication. the shapes and colors of capsules and the manufacturer’s name and product code number on their surface help to identify capsules (easily identified). Isoelectric point (pI)???? Homework  Gelatin is obtained by hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals. Gelatin is stable in air when dry but is subject to microbial decomposition when it becomes moist. gelatin is insoluble in cold water. Gelatin is soluble in hot water and in warm gastric fluid so a gelatin capsule rapidly dissolves and exposes its contents. Gelatin, being a protein, is digested by proteolytic enzymes and absorbed. non- toxic.  Hard gelatin capsules can be clear, colorless, and essentially tasteless. They may be colored with various FD&C and D&C dyes Most commercially available medicated capsules contain combinations of colorants and dark to make them special. Normally, hard gelatin capsules contain 13% to 16% of moisture However, if stored in an environment of high humidity, additional moisture is absorbed by the capsules, and they may become shapless. In an environment of extreme dryness, capsules may become friable and break up when handled. Therefore, it is desirable to maintain hard gelatin capsules in an environment free from excessive Because moisture may be absorbed by gelatin capsules and may affect it, many capsules are packaged along with a small packet of a drying material to protect against the absorption of atmospheric moisture. The drying materials most often used are dried silica gel, activated charcoal and others. Gelatin capsules are unsuitable for aqueous liquids because water softens gelatin and distorts the capsules, resulting in leakage of the contents. However, some liquids, such as fixed or volatile oils, that do not interfere with the stability of the gelatin shells may be placed in locking gelatin capsules. 1. Punch method , or called Bench-scale filling. 2. Manual filling capsules machine. 3. Industrial-scale filling capsules.  Hard Gelatin Capsules Special techniques may be applied to capsule such as: 1- Imprinting : is a method by which a company and or product identification can be placed upon each capsule which is best performed on empty capsule.  Hard Gelatin Capsules 2-Special purpose capsule ; are capsule in which special treatment has been given in an attempt to retard the solubility in some manner. Sometimes delay absorption of active ingredients or enteric absorption is required therefore the solubility of gelatin modified by: 1- treatment with formalin. 2- using certain coating which have the ability to affect gelatin solubility such as cellulose acetate phthalate.