Indonesia History PDF

Let’s Play a Game! SLIDESMANIA.COM What is the Picture all about? SLIDESMANIA.COM Answer: Indonesia Welcome to Indonesia (The biggest Archepilago and Largest Muslim Nation) SLIDESMANIA.COM Map of Indonesia SLIDESMANIA.COM Flag and its representation The red band represents the courage and blood of the Indonesian people, while the white band represents purity and the spirits of the people. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Official Name Indonesia Capital Jakarta Land Area 1,811,570 square kilometers Location Southeast Asia Population 278,539,122 (2022) - 4th populous country in the world Languages Bahasa Indonesia (National Language) and 742 languages and Dialects Religions Islam and Christian Government Presidential Republic Currency Indonesian rupiah (1 peso = 276.31 Rpiah Nationality Indonesian Introduction: -Indonesia is the world’s biggest archipelago, with an area of 1,919,440 million square km. Half of its 13,500 island are inhabited, including Java (The most densely populated) , Sumatra, Sulawesi (Celebes) and West Irian. -It has rich natural resources, including oil and gas, tin, spices, coffee, and palm oil. It is the world’s largest producer of kapok, quinine, and spices. SLIDESMANIA.COM -The population is mostly Muslim (86%), with some christian (9%). There are 180 ethnic tribes that include Javanese, Sundanese, Achen, Batak, Dayak, Balinese, etc. Indonesia’s History. SLIDESMANIA.COM Sailendra Dynasty Majapahit Malacca Sultanate Early Days 1 2 3 4 The Sri Vijayan 1 The Sri Vijayan -It is located in the port of Palembang in the island of Sumatra in the Present-day Indonesia. SLIDESMANIA.COM -Links with India brought Mahayana Buddhism into the empire and Palembang became a major center for Buddhism. 2 Sailendra Dynasty - The Kings of Mataram were known as the Sailendras or Kings of the mountain. -At ﬁrst, the rulers were worshippers of the Hindu god-Shiva (Hindu Trinity : Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver) and Shiva (the transformer/destroyer). But later on adopted Mahayana Buddhism and built Buddhism temple especially the temple of Borobudur. SLIDESMANIA.COM - Sailendra rulers extended their power to the mainland of Southeast Asia. - Sailendra dynasty was established in Sri Vijaya when a young Prince Balaputra ﬂed to Sri Vijaya after a rival dynasty usurped the throne in Java. - In in second half of the 14th century, Palembang was seized by Chinese (eventually led to the Sri Vijaya ‘s economic collapse. - Laguna Copper plate, which has been dated to 900 CE, the oldest Philippines document so far discovered. SLIDESMANIA.COM 3 Majapahit SLIDESMANIA.COM - Vijaya, the son of Kertanegara-last king of Kediri, established the kingdom of Majapahit in the village on the Brantas river in Eastern Java - His chief minister (Gaja Mada), extended his control. - Majapahit became a powerful and prosperous state that maintained friendly relations with Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Burma as well as China -by the early 15th century, rivalries of the throne weakened the empire. ( The Thai Kingdom) - By the early 16th century, Majapahit sunk to no more than one of the number of small states in Java. 4 Malacca Sultanate SLIDESMANIA.COM - The city of Malacca was founded in 1402 by Parameswara. He is a sailendra prince born in Palembang and married to a princess of the royal house of Majapahit - The local Malays accepted Parameswara as their ruler and he gained control of the Malacca strait. (Malacca was favorably suitable for trade) - Malacca replaced Majapahit as the principal entrepot. 4 Malacca Sultanate SLIDESMANIA.COM “Malacca sultanate” - Since Malacca was threatened by the Thai who wanted to control Malaya. Parameswara sent an embassy to China and, in return, the emperor awarded him with yellow umbrella, a sign of sovereignty. - The most important effect of Malacca’s rise to greatness was the extension of Islamic inﬂuence. By the end of 15th century, Malacca became a Muslim Region and later on spread to Java. SLIDESMANIA.COM Dutch - Netherlands (Herman Daendels) Was colonized by French (France) British - Great Britain (Thomas Stanford) Treaty of 1824 Dutch - Indonesia British - Malaysia and Singapore Japanese - 1942 - 1945 Imperialism 1 2 3 4 5 Portuguese - Monopoly of Spices Western Imperialism in Indonesia - The Portuguese initially had the monopoly of the spice in Southeast Asia but were displaced by Dutch in 1641. - Both British and Dutch established trading posts in almost all places in Southeast Asia. SLIDESMANIA.COM - During 1800 to 1820, portions of the Indonesian archipelago under Dutch control called the East Indies underwent reforms; most notable of which were introduced by Herman Daendels in Java. During his administration he did the following: SLIDESMANIA.COM 1. Reduced the corruption 2. Set up a judicial system suited to local customs. 3. Improve means of transportation and communication in Batavia (Jakarta) and Surabaya. 4. Encouraged the production of cash crops (agricultural products) - When British took over control of Java. Thomas Stanford rafﬂes was appointed governor of the island and introduced radical reforms that brought overall development. 1. He organized the administration and restructured the tax system and revenue of assessment of agricultural lands that beneﬁted the local cultivators. 2. Introduced Ryotwari system ( actual land cultivators became landowners) SLIDESMANIA.COM - With the restoration of the independence of Netherlands from French control, the Dutch reclaimed the territories in the Indonesian archipelago in 1816. - To formally divide the Malay archipelago (Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia), two countries signed treaty in 1824. 1. British took control of Malaysia and Singapore 2. Dutch took control of East Indies which is now Indonesia. SLIDESMANIA.COM - Dutch rule over Indonesia was also marked with injustices (Forced labor to produce large volumes of crops, forcing local cultivators to abandon their rice ﬁelds. ) Indonesia before and after World War II - The Japanese occupied (Jakarta) on March 1942 and drove away the Dutch colonizers. - Indonesians welcomed the new development until they realized the brutality of the new colonizers. SLIDESMANIA.COM - Achmed Sukarno (First President of Indonesia) and Mohammad Hatta (Vice-President), the two Indonesian leaders who collaborated with the Japanese, eventually led the independence of Indonesia, after the world war II. - However, Dutch came back and claimed power over Indonesia with British and Americans Support. SLIDESMANIA.COM - In 1949, as America and Great Britain started to withdraw support for the colonizers, the Dutch ﬁnally gave in. On December 27,1949, the Netherlands handed over sovereignty to the Indonesians. - Sukarno and Hatta faced task of administering the government of the nation. The Government was centered in Jakarta which is located in the island of Java. Things happened: 1. SLIDESMANIA.COM Amidst the disunity and occasional rebellions, there was rehabilitation of the economy. 2.The population was increasing but the production was low. 3. There were too few Indonesians who had training and expertise to run the government and the industries 4. Parliamentary collapsed and rebellion spread. - In 1960, Sukarno dissolve the elected parliament and replace them with his appointees. His communist allies began to implement radical land reform and reduction of land rents. This led to violent clashes in Java and in Bali between the communist and the local landowners. -In 1968, Suharto (army Chief) was elected president (2nd president) and continued to hold on to power in 1973, 1978, and 1983. SLIDESMANIA.COM - Suharto sought foreign aid and investments to boost economy. Multinational corporations were encouraged to put up business in the country. Growth rate rose but corruption likewise increased. Things happened: 1.Oil production boosted the economy. 2. Public health was given more attention 3. Education was made available to more people. SLIDESMANIA.COM But wealth was not equally-distributed. Many people remained poor. In contrast, rich become richer specially those who belonged to Suharto’s family. It enables to build business empire. -In 1977, the Asian crises struck. 1. Indonesia’s economy suffered. 2. Prices increased. 3. Banking institutions collapsed. 4. Many people lost their jobs. 5. Riots and rampant looting of stores. -In 1998, Suharto's reign ended and his vice-president succeeded him named B.J. Habibie SLIDESMANIA.COM -Under Habibie, government relaxed its repressive policies a little. - However, riots in some areas are still continued to haunt the government and violent methods were used by military. - It took UN peacekeeping force to bring about stability. -After 10 years in ofﬁce, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was succeeded by Joko Widodo as a President of Indonesia in 2014. SLIDESMANIA.COM Seatwork 3.6 (Indonesia) Instructions : Complete the table below about Indonesia. Copy the correct format then write your answers at the second column. Other name : Capital City: Currency: Region : First President of Indonesia: Longest River : One Reforms made by Herman Daendels Make a diagram that shows the correct sequence of western imperialism in Indonesia Seatwork 3.6 (Indonesia) Key to Corrections Instructions : Complete the table below about Indonesia. Copy the correct format then write your answers at the second column. Other name : Largest Archipelago and biggest Muslim Nation Capital City: Jakarta Currency: Indonesian rupiah Region : Southeast Asia First President of Indonesia: Achmed Sukarno Longest River : Kapuas River One Reforms made by Herman Daendels Make a diagram that shows the correct sequence of western imperialism in Indonesia. - Most notable reforms introduced by Herman Daendels in Java. During his administration he did the following: 1. Reduced the corruption 2. Set up a judicial system suited to local customs. 3. Improve means of transportation and communication in Batavia (Jakarta) and Surabaya. 4. Encouraged the production of cash crops (agricultural products) SLIDESMANIA.COM Dutch - Netherlands (Herman Daendels) Was colonized by French (France) British - Great Britain (Thomas Stanford) Treaty of 1824 Dutch - Indonesia British - Malaysia and Singapore Japanese - 1942 - 1945 Imperialism 1 2 3 4 5 Portuguese - Monopoly of Spices Geographical features in Indonesia https://youtu.be/c1UaaZ_CPIM Let’s watch the video ﬁrst! Geographical features in Indonesia Kapuas River SLIDESMANIA.COM The Kapuas River (or Kapoeas River) is a river in the Indonesian part of Borneo island, at the geographic center of Maritime Southeast Asia. At 1,143 kilometers (710 mi) in length, it is the longest river in the island of Borneo and the longest river of Indonesia Geographical features in Indonesia Mamberamo River The Mamberamo is the second longest river on the island of New Guinea, after Sepik River. It is located in the Indonesian province of Papua. Its total length is 1,112 km SLIDESMANIA.COM Geographical features in Indonesia Mahakam River SLIDESMANIA.COM The Mahakam River is third longest and volume discharge river in Borneo after Kapuas River and Barito River, it is located in Kalimantan, Indonesia. It ﬂows 980 kilometers from the district of Long Apari in the highlands of Borneo, to its mouth at the Makassar Strait. Geographical features in Indonesia Mount tambora Mount Tambora, or Tomboro, is an active stratovolcano in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Located on Sumbawa in the Lesser Sunda Islands, it was formed by the active subduction zones beneath it. Before 1815, it was more than 4,300 metres (14,100 feet) high, making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago. SLIDESMANIA.COM Tambora violently erupted on the 5th of April, 1815, which to date is the largest eruption in recorded human history. The deadliest volcanic eruption in history. Geographical features in Indonesia Sudirman Range SLIDESMANIA.COM The Sudirman Range, also known as the Snow Mountains, Dugunduguoo, or Nassau Range is a mountain range in Papua province, Indonesia. It is named after the ﬁrst armed forces commander-in-chief and Indonesian national hero Sudirman. Geographical features in Indonesia Borobudur SLIDESMANIA.COM Borobudur, also transcribed Barabudur is a 9th-century (during sailendra dynasty) Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency, not far from the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia. It is the world's largest Buddhist temple.The temple consists of nine stacked platforms, six square and three circular, topped by a central dome. It is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. The central dome is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues, each seated inside a perforated stupa. Climate in Indonesia The main variable of Indonesia's climate is not temperature or air pressure, but rainfall. Split by the equator, indonesia has an almost entirely tropical climate, with the coastal plains averaging 28°C, the inland and mountain areas averaging 26°C, and the higher mountain regions, 23°C. The area's relative humidity is quite high, and ranges between 70 and 90 percent. SLIDESMANIA.COM The extreme variations in rainfall are linked with the monsoons. Generally speaking, there is a dry season (June to September), and a rainy season (December to March). Typhoons can hit the Islands of the Indonesia between September and December, and can cause rainstorms and heavy winds. However, not every Typhoon that hits Indonesia is a strong one, and in some years only a few Typhoons occur during the tropical storm season. SLIDESMANIA.COM Required clothing: Lightweight cotton clothing is advised throughout the year, with an umbrella or raincoat for sudden cloudbursts. A sweater is needed in the mountainous inland areas. No matter where you go, be prepared for high temperatures and humidity. Koeppen-Geiger classification: Indonesia's Climate can be classified as Af climate, a hot, humid tropical climate with all months above 18°C. SLIDESMANIA.COM President Joko Widodo SLIDESMANIA.COM Joko Widodo, byname Jokowi, (born June 21, 1961, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia), Indonesian businessman, politician, and government official who served as governor of Jakarta (2012–14) and as president of Indonesia (2014– ). Joko Widodo, commonly called Jokowi, who attracted international attention with his populist style of campaigning and his anticorruption platform, became the first Indonesian president who did not have a military background or belong to one of the country’s prominent political families. His success at the polls was viewed by many analysts as marking the beginning of a new, more democratic era of Indonesian politics. Indonesia’s contributions and inventions SLIDESMANIA.COM List of Indonesia’s contributions and inventions: 1. Piggy Bank - also called as celengan in Indonesia. 2. Polygon bike 3. Nagapasa-class submarine 4. Kopiko coffee sweet 5. Kite SLIDESMANIA.COM Indonesia’s cultures and practices SLIDESMANIA.COM Cultures and Practices Before we get into anything further, this is an important disclaimer. ‘Indonesia’ is a singular term that names a particular nation, but there’s nothing uniform about its culture. There are at least 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia, each with their own set of customs and distinctive cultural objects. That doesn’t mean there aren’t any similarities or tendencies between one culture to the other, but when reading this phrase keep in mind the diversity that comes with it. Often what considered as Indonesia’s culture is in fact an image of a dominant one or reflects an amalgamation of certain similar cultures. SLIDESMANIA.COM Cultures and Practices Families are as close as they come No matter how old or independent they are, Indonesians tend to keep tight relationships with members of their family. For many Indonesian youths, moving out of parents’ house is simply not a thing, even when they already have a stable income of their own. Many choose to live under their parents’ roof unless they absolutely have to (many Indonesians leave their hometown to get a job in the city). And it’s not necessarily a sign of dependency, it just shows the values and principles the nation has when it comes to family. S SLIDESMANIA.COM Cultures and Practices Every place has a legend SLIDESMANIA.COM It’s fascinating to learn the geological processes that make mountains, hills, and rivers. But Indonesians go beyond tectonic plates and erosion to explain how natural landmarks came to be. In most places, you can talk to the locals and dig stories of gods, spirits, royals, or hermits that contribute to the forming of a particular spot like natural features, temples, or other cultural landmarks. Cultures and Practices Basic Indonesian Etiquette 1. Avoid using your left hand. This could be for touching someone, handing something to someone, or indicating towards something. The left hand is used for all bathroom activity, and considered ‘dirty’. 2. Don’t show the soles of your feet. This also includes touching someone with your foot or pointing to something with your foot. It’s considered disrespectful. SLIDESMANIA.COM Cultures and Practices Basic Indonesian Etiquette 3. Finish your whole plate of food. When you visit a local home or someone has cooked specifically for you, make sure you clean your plate. This will show you respect and appreciate their time – and of course, love their food. Similarly, if you are offered a beverage when visiting a local home, say yes. If your tea or coffee is sweet, it means they like you. SLIDESMANIA.COM 4. Respect elders and people in high positions. Not that you shouldn’t respect everyone else as well, but make an extra effort to greet elders and people in high positions politely, even ducking or bending a little bit. Independence Day 17 August Indonesia's Independence Day always falls on 17 August. This commemoration has been held since 1945, when Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta made the proclamation of Independence, as Japan was defeated by the United States in the same year. SLIDESMANIA.COM a. International Women’s Day - March 8 b. Earth Hour - March 28 c. Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor) - April 9 d. Holy Week - April 6-9 j. Eid’l Adha - June 28 k. SONA - July l. Other current/important events e. Cabahug Day and Earth Day - April 22 f. Labor Day - May 1 g. World Press Freedom Day - May 3 h. Eid’l Fitr - April 21 SLIDESMANIA.COM i. Independence Day - June 12 3rd Tri Important Dates Ramadan: March 22 – April 21 April 21, 2023 Eid al-Fitr - which means 'festival of the breaking of the fast, is celebrated at the end of Ramadan SLIDESMANIA.COM June 28, 2023 - Eid al-Adha, which means 'feast of the sacriﬁce' is celebrated just over two months after Eid al-Fitr, when many Muslims perform the Hajj pilgrimage. Day of Valor 04.09 Im󰈥o󰈹t󰈀󰈝󰉄 D󰇽te󰈻 March 8 International Women’s Day March 28 - Earth Hour April 3-9 - Holy Week SLIDESMANIA.COM - - - APRIL 22 Sotero B. Cabahug Justice Sotero Cabahug Day in Mandaue City For his excellence in civil service, He received the Philippine Legion of Honor Medal in Rank of Commander which was the inspiration of FORUM Logo Through his examples, we imitate his 4H virtues. What are those? ♦ How? Earth Day SLIDESMANIA.COM If no one cares for Mother Earth, We will be the ones to suffer. So, how can I help? Noticed recently how the climate change is just… too much? Too hot. Too cold. Too humid. Too much snow. Too much ﬂood. Too strong typhoons. Too much. IMPORTANT DATES May 1 - Labor Day Feast day of St. Joseph, the Worker May 3 - World SLIDESMANIA.COM Press Freedom Day IMPORTANT DATES June 12 - Philippine Independence Day 🎉 Emilio Aguinaldo, 1st President, formally declared it in his residence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898. SLIDESMANIA.COM July - SONA (State of the Nation’s Address) Sotero Barte Cabahug A p r i l 2 2 - Justice S o t e r o Ca b a h u g D a y in Mandaue City - - ✰ April 22, 1891 ✞ December 15, 1963 was a Filipino lawyer, legislator, politician, and civil servant from Mandaue, Cebu, Philippines. He received the Philippine Legion of Honor Medal in Rank of Commander which was the inspiration of FORUM Logo Through his examples, we imitate his 4H virtues. What are those? ♦ How? Noticed recently how the climate change is just… too much? Too hot. Too cold. Too humid. Too much snow. Too much ﬂood. Too strong typhoons. Too much. April 22 is also Earth Day! If no one cares for Mother Earth, We will be the ones to suffer. So, how can I help? Seatwork 3.4 Instructions: Open the attached ﬁle posted in the submission then make a copy of it ﬁrst before you will start answering the seatwork. Once done, attach the ﬁle in the submission box and click “Hand-in”. SLIDESMANIA.COM

Indonesia History PDF

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