Important_Cell_Physiology_Questions.pdf

Important Cellular Physiology Questions 1. Which ions are the major cations in extracellular fluid (ECF)? A) Na+, K+ B) K+, Mg2+ C) Na+, Cl- D) Na+, Ca2+ Answer: A) Na+ 2. The principle of macroscopic electroneutrality ensures that: A) Only anions are present in bo...

Important Cellular Physiology Questions 1. Which ions are the major cations in extracellular fluid (ECF)? A) Na+, K+ B) K+, Mg2+ C) Na+, Cl- D) Na+, Ca2+ Answer: A) Na+ 2. The principle of macroscopic electroneutrality ensures that: A) Only anions are present in body fluids. B) The concentration of cations equals that of anions. C) Body fluids maintain a constant temperature. D) Water is evenly distributed across compartments. Answer: B) The concentration of cations equals that of anions. 3. What type of transport requires ATP to move solutes against an electrochemical potential gradient? A) Facilitated diffusion B) Primary active transport C) Secondary active transport D) Osmosis Answer: B) Primary active transport 4. Which equation is used to calculate the equilibrium potential of an ion? A) Van't Hoff Equation B) Nernst Equation C) Michaelis-Menten Equation D) Gibbs Free Energy Equation Answer: B) Nernst Equation 5. What is the resting membrane potential range for excitable cells? A) 0 to +10 mV B) -10 to -20 mV C) -70 to -80 mV D) -100 to -110 mV Answer: C) -70 to -80 mV 6. Which of the following is a characteristic of action potentials? A) They have variable sizes B) They occur only in muscles C) They propagate without decrement D) They do not involve ion channels Answer: C) They propagate without decrement 7. Facilitated diffusion involves: A) Carrier proteins B) ATP hydrolysis C) Symporters D) Ion channels Answer: A) Carrier proteins 8. Osmosis is defined as: A) Movement of water across a membrane due to solute concentration differences B) Movement of ions due to electrical gradients C) Diffusion of solutes through a membrane D) Active transport of water Answer: A) Movement of water across a membrane due to solute concentration differences 9. Voltage-gated ion channels open in response to: A) Ligand binding B) Changes in membrane potential C) Changes in ion concentration D) Secondary messengers Answer: B) Changes in membrane potential 10. What are the two main types of synaptic potentials? A) EPSPs and IPSPs B) MPSPs and NPSPs C) LPSPs and HPSPs D) LTPs and LTDs Answer: A) EPSPs and IPSPs 11. The Na+/K+ ATPase pump exchanges: A) 3 Na+ for 3 K+ B) 3 Na+ for 2 K+ C) 2 Na+ for 3 K+ D) 2 Na+ for 2 K+ Answer: B) 3 Na+ for 2 K+ 12. A co-transport mechanism is also called: A) Symport B) Antiport C) Facilitated diffusion D) Active transport Answer: A) Symport 13. Inhibitory synaptic potentials (IPSPs) usually involve the movement of which ion? A) Na+ B) K+ C) Cl- D) Ca2+ Answer: C) Cl- 14. Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with neuromuscular transmission? A) Dopamine B) Acetylcholine C) Serotonin D) Glutamate Answer: B) Acetylcholine 15. The action potential in neurons is primarily due to the influx of which ion? A) K+ B) Na+ C) Ca2+ D) Cl- Answer: B) Na+