Importance of Organic Compounds PDF

Importance of Organic Compounds in our Every Day Life Science 9 Quarter 2 Teacher: Mrs. Manilyn A. Domingo  Lesson Objectives: Describe organic compounds and give common examples Relate the properties of organic compounds to their uses; and Recognize the ge...

Importance of Organic Compounds in our Every Day Life Science 9 Quarter 2 Teacher: Mrs. Manilyn A. Domingo  Lesson Objectives: Describe organic compounds and give common examples Relate the properties of organic compounds to their uses; and Recognize the general classes and uses of organic compounds Review of Past Lesson (True or False) A carbon atom has four valence electrons. Review of Past Lesson (True or False) Carbon atoms form many organic compounds by forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements. Review of Past Lesson (True or False) Carbon atom has more than four bonds. Review of Past Lesson (True or False) Several carbon atoms maybe bonded to one another to make long zigzag chains, long branched chains, rings or network rings. Review of Past Lesson (True or False) Methane is the simplest form of alkane.  Uses of Organic Compounds Food Antiseptics Pharmaceuticals Flavor Fuels Beverages Light lamps Lubricate Cook food machines  General Classes of Organic Compounds Alcohols Esters Aldehydes Ethers Ketones Halogen containing Carboxylic acids carbon compounds Hydrocarbons (alkyl halides) Amines  Prefixes in Naming Organic Compounds 1 – meth 6 – hex 2 – eth 7 – hep 3 – prop 8 – oct 4 – but 9 – non 5 – pent 10 – dec  Hydrocarbons Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only Classifications: - Saturated – Alkanes (CnH2n+2) - Unsaturated – Alkenes (CnH2n) - Alkynes (CnH2n-2)  Hydrocarbons Alkanes have single bonds between carbon atoms (C-C). Alkenes have at least one double bond between carbon atoms (C = C) in the compounds. Alkynes have at least one triple bond between carbon atoms (C≡C) in the compounds.  Physical States of Hydrocarbons The physical state of the alkanes from methane to butane is gas and from pentane to octane is liquid. The reason for this is related to the structure of the compounds. If the molecule of the compound is small, it interacts less with others just like methane, it is likely to be a gaseous compound. When the molecules become bigger in size or structure, they can closely interact with each other and they will become more likely to be liquid just like in octane. The trend in the phase of compound is also the same with alkenes and alkynes.  Trends of Hydrocarbons The trend in the structures of the compounds in alkanes, alkenes and alkynes is the same. The size of the structures of the compounds is increasing because the compounds become bigger and longer. The trend in boiling point of the compounds in alkanes, alkenes and alkynes is also in increasing pattern. This is because of the structures. As the structures of the compound become bigger, they also interact more with each other. Bigger molecules that interact with each other more strongly require high temperature to evaporate. This  Alcohols Characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl functional group – OH. General formula: R-OH, where R represents an alkyl group.  Uses of Alcohols Ethanol (product by fermentation of sugar or starchy materials) the only alcohol that can be taken internally, found in wines, beers and other hard drinks used as solvent for medicine, cosmetics, antiseptics, perfumes and other products disinfectant Methanol or Wood Alcohol Used as industrial solvent  Aldehydes Contain the carbonyl group, -CO, at the end of the carbon chain and is part of the –CHO functional group Formaldehyde is a raw material for making synthetic polymers or plastics Formaldehyde is also used to treat fabrics such as cotton A 40% solution of formaldehyde in water is called  Ketones Contain the carbonyl group (-CO) functional group Propanone is commonly known as acetone which is used for drying hypodermic syringes and glassware in hospitals Acetone is also used as mild antiseptic Acetone is likewise used to remove traces of adhesive plaster from the skin Ketones are used as industrial solvents and raw materials for the preparation of synthesis of complex substances  Carboxylic Acids Identified by the presence of carboxyl group, -COOH. Characterized by their sour taste Methanoic acid (formic acid) – ant bites, used in leather treatment and textile processing Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) – vinegar, used in manufacture of some fibers, plastics, adhesives and paints  Carboxylic Acids Butanoic acid – rancid butter and perspiration Dodecanoic acid (lauric acid) – vegetable oil, used in soap manufacture Citric acid – is responsible for the sour taste of citrus fruits Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid contains carboxylic acid group which is both an analgesic (pain reliever) and an antipyretic (for reducing fever)  Esters General formula : RCOOR Ethyl butanoate – form the reaction of a carboxylic acid pineapple and an alcohol Pentyl ethanoate – characterized by a pleasant, fruity odor banana which makes them useful in perfume and Octyle flavoring industries. ethanoate – orange the odor and flavor unique to other ripe fruits also come from esters present in fruit  Ethers General formula : R – O – R Forms when an alcohol reacts with another alcohol Diethyl ether is a liquid used for medicinal purposes Ethers are used in the laboratory as extracting solvents Halogen-containing carbon compound (alkyl halides) Halogen may substitute for one or more H- atoms of a hydrocarbon Trichloroethylene is widely used as a dry cleaning solvent Carbon tetrachloride is used as cleaning solvent  Amines Result from the replacement of one or more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia with hydrocarbons General formula: R – NH2 Very important biological compounds and are responsible for most of the fishy odors that we detect in nature  Generalization 1. What are organic compounds? 2. What are the general classifications of organic compounds? 3. Why are organic compounds important?  Performance Task: Make a carbon compound model using materials available at home.