Immunology II Course Notes PDF

PID: IMMUNOLOGY II PEDRO BITTENCOURT, DVM, MSC, PHD Objectives Understand the mechanisms of adaptive immunity Antigen presentation Cellular response Activation and effectors CD8+ T cells Humoral response Activation and effectors Immunoglobulins ...

PID: IMMUNOLOGY II PEDRO BITTENCOURT, DVM, MSC, PHD Objectives Understand the mechanisms of adaptive immunity Antigen presentation Cellular response Activation and effectors CD8+ T cells Humoral response Activation and effectors Immunoglobulins  Antigen Receptors T cells & B cells key canrecognizewho cellsin adaptiveimmunity B cell req presentation introduce Presentastiffance carry an antigen receptor T cell frieffy recognize pathogenicepitopes  Antigen Processing & Presentation Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules T cells can only recognize Class I MHC antigens presented on an MHC molecule Class II MHC to T cells presenting peptides and in diffcells WillpresenttodiffTcells Antigen Processing & Presenting Class I MHC takeanyprotein breakdown presente stuff e MHC I presents antigens to CD8+ T cells reqantigenstobeincytosolofcell Regular cells  wholeslideimpo Antigen Processing & Presenting of Class II MHC 1g m fidgetsGendriticcellsBeens origin antigen waiapsfumre.tk9ntghgfedw breakdown MHC II presents antigens to CD4+ T cells to Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) Activation of Naive T cells havecompletedmaturationbutnotactivatedbyAPC needlevelofstimulationtobeactivatedbydendriticcells Always done by a Dendritic Cell basicallyclone Proliferation Specific T cell clone Differentiation Effector canrecognizeMitc respon Memory T cells  Immature DCs encounter antigens in tissues Migration to lymphoid tissue and maturation Antigen presentation by mature DCs in lymph nodes Differentiation of activated T cells T cell subsets CD4+ Th1, Th2, Th17 differenceduetocytokines Express surface molecules and secrete cytokines that activates other cells helpingothercellstorespond CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) Killing of infected cells Adaptive Immunity Cellular Response CD4+ Th1 cells Cytokine secretion Activation of macrophages 5 Activation of CTLs (CD8+) Adaptive Immunity Cellular Response CD8+ CTLs infected Induces apoptosis of infected cells uponencounteringcell in remcontrolled mechanism  Adaptive Immunity Humoral Response B cells nent Antigen recognition not restricted by MHC presentation Adaptive Immunity Humoral Response B cells APC capturesantigen Activated by Th cells T dependentwillhelp T-Independent activation moreoftenbypolysaccharide doesNOTProducememorycells onlyIGMwillbe produced Adaptive Immunity Humoral Response Immunoglobulins Isotypes or Clases IgG IgM firsttorespond IgA in mucousmembranes IgE IgD Basic structure of Immunoglobulins  Comparison of Ig Isotypes Differences in: Heavy chain structure Monomeric vs Polymeric Subclases MHatile Serum concentration outofall Half-life Functions Adaptive Immunity Humoral Response Adaptive Immunity Humoral Response Distribution of Ig isotypes IgM - Blood IgG - Blood & tissues IgA - Mucous membranes IgE - Epithelial tissue Adaptive Immunity Humoral Response IgG: Major Ab of secondary responses IgM: Major Ab of primary responses  Surveillance Self or not-self? Detection of threats Immune Response Overview Inflammation Innate Immunity Antigen uptake & effector mechanisms processing Clonal expansion Adaptive Immunity effector mechanisms Elimination/Control of threat Memory cells