Immunology Chapter 4 PDF

### Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. **What is the initial response to microbes to prevent, control, or eliminate infection?** - A) Adaptive immunity - B) Innate immunity - C) Passive immunity - D) Humoral immunity 2. **Which of the following substances stimulate innate immune responses...

### Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. **What is the initial response to microbes to prevent, control, or eliminate infection?** - A) Adaptive immunity - B) Innate immunity - C) Passive immunity - D) Humoral immunity 2. **Which of the following substances stimulate innate immune responses and are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)?** - A) Antigens - B) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) - C) Cytokines - D) Antibodies 3. **What type of receptors on immune cells bind to PAMPs?** - A) Antigen receptors - B) Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) - C) Complement receptors - D) Antibody receptors 4. **Which of the following is NOT a function of cytokines?** - A) Activating other cells - B) Amplifying innate and adaptive responses - C) Binding to PAMPs - D) Triggering inflammatory responses 5. **Which type of pattern recognition receptor is involved in the response to bacterial DNA?** - A) TLR2 - B) TLR3 - C) TLR4 - D) TLR9 6. **Which of the following is a principal effector cell of innate immunity?** - A) B lymphocytes - B) T lymphocytes - C) Natural killer (NK) cells - D) Plasma cells 7. **What is the role of neutrophils in the innate immune response?** - A) Producing antibodies - B) Phagocytosing and destroying microbes - C) Presenting antigens to T cells - D) Secreting histamines 8. **Which of the following best describes the function of macrophages in innate immunity?** - A) Short-lived cells that arrive first at the site of infection - B) Long-lived cells that can differentiate and undergo cell division - C) Only involved in phagocytosis - D) Secrete antibodies 9. **Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of phagocytosis?** - A) Adhesion/Recognition - B) Internalization - C) Fusion with lysosomes - D) Antibody production 10. **Which type of cell is specialized in responding to viral infections by secreting type-I interferons?** - A) Neutrophils - B) Macrophages - C) Dendritic cells - D) T lymphocytes 11. **What process is involved in the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection?** - A) Rolling adhesion - B) Chemokine-mediated increase in integrin affinity - C) Stable integrin-mediated adhesion - D) All of the above 12. **Which of the following bacteria can live within the phagolysosome?** - A) Listeria monocytogenes - B) Mycobacteria species - C) Rickettsia species - D) Salmonella typhimurium ### True/False Questions 1. Innate immunity is always sufficient to eradicate the microbe completely. 2. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system are encoded in germline DNA. 3. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionary conserved family of PRRs expressed on many cell types. 4. Neutrophils are long-lived cells that can differentiate and undergo cell division. 5. Defensins are cysteine-rich peptides with antimicrobial properties. 6. Natural killer (NK) cells can kill microbe-infected cells without the need for antibodies. 7. Complement proteins are involved in promoting inflammation and lysing microbes. 8. Chronic granulomatous disease is characterized by the inability to generate reactive oxygen intermediates. 9. Chemokines are small peptides that stimulate leukocyte movement and regulate migration from the blood to tissues. 10. Inflammation is beneficial unless unregulated. ### Answer Key **MCQs:** 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. C **True/False:** 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True