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 How are you today? HAVE A POSITIVE MINDSET Focus on the good things. Spend time with positive people. Practice positive self-talk Content Overview Learning Objectives  There are two kinds of forces or attractions that operate in a mo...

 How are you today? HAVE A POSITIVE MINDSET Focus on the good things. Spend time with positive people. Practice positive self-talk Content Overview Learning Objectives  There are two kinds of forces or attractions that operate in a molecule -Intramolecular forces and Intermolecular forces Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule Khanacademy.org There are two kinds of forces or attractions that operate in a molecule -Intramolecular forces and Intermolecular forces Intermolecular forces are forces that exist between molecules  Intramolecular vs Intermolecular Intramolecular forces are the Intermolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms in a forces that hold molecules in a molecule substance Stronger than Intermolecular Weaker than Intramolecular forces (chemical bonds) forces (attractive force) Determine chemical behavior Determine the state of matter of a substance and their physical properties Categorized into dipole-dipole Categorized into covalent, ionic forces, London dispersion and and metallic bonds hydrogen bonding forces  Types of Intramolecular forces of attraction 1. Ionic bond is formed by the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation. The nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion. Types of Intramolecular forces of attraction 2. Covalent bond. This bond is formed between atoms that have similar electronegativities –the affinity or desire for electrons. Because both atoms have similar affinity for electrons and neither has a tendency to donate them, they share electrons in order to achieve octet configuration and become more stable. Nonpolar covalent polar covalent A nonpolar covalent bond is formed between same atoms or atoms with very similar electronegativities A polar covalent bond is formed when atoms of slightly different electronegativities share electrons. Intermolecular forces of attraction are much weaker than the intramolecular forces of attraction but are important because they determine the physical properties of molecules like their boiling point, melting point, density, and enthalpies of fusion and vaporization. Dipole-dipole interactions Ion-dipole interactions Hydrogen Bonding London Dispersion Force  Dipole-dipole interactions Dipole-dipole forces are attractive forces between polar molecules (molecules that possess dipole moments). The partial negative side of one molecule is attracted to the partial positive side of another molecule.  Ion-dipole interactions Ion- Dipole Interaction is an attractive force that results from the electrostatic attraction between an ion and a neutral molecule that has a dipole.  Hydrogen Bonding This is a special kind of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs specifically between a hydrogen atom bonded to either an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom. Hydrogen just wanna have FON  London Dispersion Force The weakest of the intermolecular forces and exist between all types of molecules, whether ionic or covalent – polar or nonpolar. The more electrons a molecule has, the stronger the London forces are. *instantaneous dipole-induced *present between all types of dipole interaction molecules *weakest *dispersion forces increase with increasing molecular mass *only type of van der Waals forces present in nonpolar substances  London Dispersion Force For example, bromine, Br2, has more electrons than chlorine, Cl2, so Bromine will have stronger LDF than chlorine resulting in a higher BP for bromine. Assessment Time 1. What is the intramolecular forces of attraction that forms when atoms share electron? A. B. Ionic Covalent 2. What is the intramolecular forces of attraction that generates two opposite charged ions? A. Nonpolar B. Ionic covalent 3. What kind of covalent bond is formed when atoms of slightly different electronegativities share electrons? A. B. Polar Nonpolar covalent covalent 4. What kind of covalent bond is formed between same atoms or atoms with very similar electronegativities? A. B. Polar Nonpolar covalent covalent 5. What is the attractive force that exist between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule? A. Ion- C. Hydrogen Dipole Bond B. Dipole- D. London Dipole Dispersion 6. It is an attractive force that is commonly found in solutions, especially ionic compounds in polar liquids? A. Ion- C. Hydrogen Dipole Bond B. Dipole- D. London Dipole Dispersion 7. Which of the following compounds will not have hydrogen bond? A. NH3 C. H2S B. H2O D. HF 8. Which of the following exhibits dipole-dipole attractions between molecules? A. O2 C. H2O B. H2 D. F2 9. Which of the following diatomic molecules will have the strongest London dispersion forces? A. F2 C. Br2 B. Cl2 D. I2 10. Which compound has only London dispersion force? A. H2O C. NH3 B. CO2 D. HF 1. What is the intramolecular forces of attraction that forms when atoms share electron? A. B. Ionic Covalent 2. What is the intramolecular forces of attraction that generates two opposite charged ions? A. Nonpolar B. Ionic covalent 3. What kind of covalent bond is formed when atoms of slightly different electronegativities share electrons? A. B. Polar Nonpolar covalent covalent 4. What kind of covalent bond is formed between same atoms or atoms with very similar electronegativities? A. B. Polar Nonpolar covalent covalent 5. What is the attractive force that exist between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule? A. Ion- C. Hydrogen Dipole Bond B. Dipole- D. London Dipole Dispersion 6. It is an attractive force that is commonly found in solutions, especially ionic compounds in polar liquids? A. Ion- C. Hydrogen Dipole Bond B. Dipole- D. London Dipole Dispersion 7. Which of the following compounds will not have hydrogen bond? A. NH3 C. H2S B. H2O D. HF 8. Which of the following exhibits dipole-dipole attractions between molecules? A. O2 C. H2O B. H2 D. F2 9. Which of the following diatomic molecules will have the strongest London dispersion forces? A. F2 C. Br2 B. Cl2 D. I2 10. Which compound has only London dispersion force? A. H2O C. NH3 B. CO2 D. HF