مراجعة وتقويم قسم التمريض - جامعة الحكمة PDF

# مراجعة وتقويم قسم التمريض جامعة الحكمة ## د. محسن هاجر ### Multiple Choice Questions 1. What is pneumonia? - A) Inflammation of the heart - B) Inflammation of the lung caused by infection - C) Inflammation of the liver - D) Inflammation of the kidney 2. What is the most common in...

# مراجعة وتقويم قسم التمريض جامعة الحكمة ## د. محسن هاجر ### Multiple Choice Questions 1. What is pneumonia? - A) Inflammation of the heart - B) Inflammation of the lung caused by infection - C) Inflammation of the liver - D) Inflammation of the kidney 2. What is the most common infectious cause of death in the United States? - A) Influenza - B) Tuberculosis - C) Pneumonia - D) COVID-19 3. What are the routes through which microorganisms can access the lower respiratory tract? - A) Inhalation, skin contact, and blood transfusion - B) Inhalation, bloodstream, and aspiration - C) Ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation - D) Blood transfusion, ingestion, and aspiration 4. What is HCAP? - A) Hospital-acquired pneumonia - B) Healthcare-associated pneumonia - C) High-risk community-acquired pneumonia - D) Healthcare complication-associated pneumonia 5. Which pathogens are commonly associated with healthcare-associated pneumonia? - A) *Streptococcus pneumoniae* and *Haemophilus influenzae* - B) *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* and MRSA - C) Influenza virus and RSV - D) *Mycoplasma pneumoniae* and *Chlamydia pneumoniae* 6. What is a leading causative agent in hospital-acquired pneumonia? - A) *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* - B) Gram-negative aerobic bacilli - C) *Streptococcus pyogenes* - D) *Neisseria meningitidis* - Answer: *Neisseria meningitidis* 7. Which diagnostic test is most useful for diagnosing bacterial pneumonia? - A) Blood culture - B) Chest radiograph - C) CT scan - D) MRI - Answer: B) Chest radiograph 8. What typically appears on a chest radiograph for pneumonia? - A) Clear lungs - B) Dense lobar or segmental infiltrate - C) Enlarged heart - D) Fluid in the abdomen 9. What is a challenge in diagnosing viral pneumonia? - A) It is always fatal. - B) Clinical pictures are variable and overlap. - C) It can only be diagnosed with a blood test. - D) It has no symptoms 10. What tests are often used to diagnose viral infections? - A) Chest X-ray - B) Serologic tests for virus-specific antibodies - C) Blood cultures - D) Sputum smear 11. Which factor is NOT a predisposing factor for hospital-acquired pneumonia? - A) Long duration of hospitalization - B) Supine positioning - C) Healthy immune system - D) Aspiration 12. Which condition is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia? - A) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - B) High blood pressure - C) Diabetes mellitus - D) Osteoporosis 13. What is the role of sputum examination in pneumonia diagnosis? - A) To check for viral infections - B) To identify specific bacteria causing pneumonia - C) To measure lung capacity - D) To assess blood oxygen levels 14. Which of the following is NOT a route for microorganisms to reach the lungs? - A) Aspiration - B) Inhalation - C) Metabolism - D) Bloodstream 15. What type of pneumonia is typically associated with severe illness and long hospital stays? - A) Community-acquired pneumonia - B) Healthcare-associated pneumonia - C) Aspiration pneumonia - D) Viral pneumonia 16. Which microorganism is commonly associated with multi-drug resistant pathogens? - A) *Streptococcus pneumoniae* - B) *Acinetobacter* species - C) *Mycoplasma pneumoniae* - D) *Legionella pneumophila* 17. What is the significance of patient transport in hospital-acquired pneumonia? - A) It reduces exposure to pathogens. - B) It may increase the risk of aspiration. - C) It has no effect on pneumonia risk. - D) It helps in the diagnosis of pneumonia. 18. Which of the following clinical presentations is common in pneumonia? - A) Abdominal pain - B) Cough and difficulty breathing - C) Joint pain - D) Skin rash 19. What is an important consideration when diagnosing pneumonia caused by viruses? - A) It is usually easy to diagnose. - B) Antibiotics are always effective. - C) Serologic tests are often required. - D) Symptoms are always severe 20. Which of the following is a common symptom of pneumonia? - A) Fever - B) Weight gain - C) Joint swelling - D) Hair loss *** 1. What is the primary cause of pneumonia? - A) Allergies - B) Inflammation of the lung due to infection - C) Exposure to cold weather - D) Physical injury 2. Which symptom is commonly associated with pneumonia? - A) Abdominal pain - B) Productive or nonproductive cough - C) Joint swelling - D) Skin rash 3. What does a chest X-ray typically reveal in pneumonia patients? - A) Clear lungs - B) Enlarged heart - C) Single or multiple infiltrates - D) Fluid in the abdomen 4. What is the normal oxygen saturation level that should be maintained in pneumonia patients? - A) Less than 80% - B) 90% or more - C) 70% or more - D) 50% or more 5. Which of the following tests is beneficial for assessing severe pneumonia? - A) Urinalysis - B) Arterial blood gases - C) Electrocardiogram - D) Liver function tests 6. In elderly patients, what change in white blood cell count can indicate infection? - A) Elevated WBCs - B) Decreased WBCs - C) No change in WBCs - D) Fluctuating WBCs 7. What does a predominance of neutrophils in a differential count suggest? - A) Viral infection - B) Bacterial infection - C) Fungal infection - D) Parasitic infection - Answer: B) Bacterial infection 8. Which vital sign may increase or decrease in pneumonia patients? - A) Heart rate - B) Blood pressure - C) Temperature - D) Respiratory rate 9. What is the significance of sputum culture in diagnosing pneumonia? - A) It is always conclusive. - B) It helps identify the pathogen causing the infection. - C) It is not helpful due to rapid organism death. - D) It shows viral infections only. 10. What is a common symptom of severe pneumonia? - A) Weight gain - B) Confusion and lethargy - C) Hair loss - D) Nausea 11. Which pathogen is commonly tested for using urinary antigen tests? - A) *Streptococcus pneumoniae* - B) *Legionella pneumophila* - C) *Mycoplasma pneumoniae* - D) *Chlamydia pneumoniae* 12. In the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), what must be present? - A) New infiltrate plus two clinical features - B) Only a history of hospitalization - C) No clinical symptoms - D) Normal chest X-ray 13. What constitutes empirical therapy for community-acquired pneumonia in previously healthy adults? - A) Macrolide - B) Amoxicillin - C) Fluoroquinolone - D) All of the above 14. What is a common treatment for viral pneumonia if symptoms are present for less than 48 hours? - A) Amoxicillin - B) Oseltamivir or zanamivir - C) Doxycycline - D) Macrolide 15. Which antibiotic is used for treating hospital-acquired pneumonia without risk factors for MDR pathogens? -A) Azithromycin - B) Amoxicillin/clavulanate - C) Ceftriaxone - D) Levofloxacin 16. What does a high respiratory rate and use of accessory muscles indicate in pneumonia patients? - A) Good prognosis - B) Severe respiratory distress - C) Normal respiratory function - D) Low infection risk 17. Which of the following pathogens can cause atypical pneumonia? - A) *Legionella pneumophila* - B) *Streptococcus pneumoniae* - C) *Escherichia coli* - D) *Staphylococcus aureus* 18. What is the primary method to confirm bacterial pneumonia? - A) Serology - B) Chest X-ray - C) Sputum culture - D) Physical examination 19. Which of the following is a common complication of pneumonia in elderly patients? - A) Dehydration - B) Hypertension - C) Diabetes - D) Asthma 20. What does the presence of purulent secretions in pneumonia indicate? - A) Viral infection - B) Bacterial infection - C) Fungal infection - D) Allergic reaction *** 1. What is a primary supportive care measure for patients with pneumonia experiencing hypoxemia? - A) Humidified oxygen - B) Antibiotics - C) Corticosteroids - D) Antipyretics 2. Why is adequate hydration important in pneumonia treatment? - A) It helps maintain blood pressure. - B) It supports mucus clearance. - C) It increases fever. - D) It prevents dehydration only. 3. What route is preferred for hydration in patients who cannot drink fluids? - A) Oral route - B) Subcutaneous route - C) Intravenous (IV) route - D) Inhalation route 4. Which medication can be administered as part of the bronchodilator therapy for pneumonia? - A) Albuterol - B) Aspirin - C) Metformin - D) Ibuprofen 5. What is the purpose of chest physiotherapy in pneumonia treatment? - A) To decrease body temperature - B) To improve lung capacity - C) To aid in the removal of retained secretions - D) To enhance medication absorption 6. What technique is often used in chest physiotherapy to help clear secretions? - A) Postural drainage - B) Deep breathing exercises - C) Chest compressions - D) Abdominal thrusts 7. Which of the following is important for controlling fever in pneumonia patients? - A) Hydration only - B) Antipyretics - C) Antibiotics - D) Bronchodilators 8. When might bronchodilators be particularly beneficial for pneumonia patients? - A) In cases of hypotension - B) When there is wheezing or bronchospasm - C) During fever - D) When the patient is fully hydrated 9. Which of the following is NOT typically included in supportive care for pneumonia? - A) Humidified oxygen - B) Antiviral medications - C) Adequate hydration - D) Fever control 10. What is one of the main goals of providing humidified oxygen to pneumonia patients? - A) Increase heart rate - B) Reduce coughing - C) Alleviate hypoxemia - D) Control blood pressure 11. Which condition might indicate the need for chest physiotherapy? - A) High fever without cough - B) Evidence of retained secretions - C) Normal lung sounds - D) Dehydration 12. What is a common side effect of bronchodilator therapy? - A) Drowsiness - B) Increased heart rate - C) Weight gain - D) Vomiting 13. Which type of pneumonia may require more aggressive hydration and oxygen support? - A) Community-acquired pneumonia - B) Atypical pneumonia - C) Hospital-acquired pneumonia - D) Aspiration pneumonia 14. What is a potential benefit of using humidified oxygen? - A) It reduces the risk of infection. - B) It helps to loosen mucus. - C) It directly treats the infection. - D) It prevents dehydration.