ICT Basics PDF

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet protocol standards 2. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Decides top-level domain names (TLD) 3. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web standards 4. Hardware Processes data by executing instructions Provides input and o...

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet protocol standards 2. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Decides top-level domain names (TLD) 3. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web standards 4. Hardware Processes data by executing instructions Provides input and output Controls input, output, and storage components (communication channels: physical connections between computer systems; Interface: (handles communication between the computer and the communication channel) 5. Software Applications and system software Instructions tell hardware exactly what tasks to perform and in what order (establish connections, control flow of data, directs data to the proper applications for use) 6. Data Fundamental representation of facts and observations 7. Communications Sharing data and processing among different systems 8. Protocols -- ground rules of communication 9. TCP: Transmission Control Protocol: ensures delivery of data; if data is corrupt or not delivered, the data is resent 10. Client-Server Computing: A program on a client computer requests services from a server computer 11. Cloud Computing includes: server, virtual desktops, software platforms, applications and storage. SaaS applications that ran on a server, PaaS used to host applications, IaaS virtualization 12. Peer-to-peer computing: computers on a network are treated as equals, each computer can share resources with the other computers on the network 13. Compilers and Interpreters are programs that translate the source code into computer code 14. Computer software has two major subcategories: System software and application software 15. USER -- OS -- HADWARE, SOFTWARE and then INFORMS USERS OF CHANGES 16. Memory Management, Processor Management, Device Management, File Management 17. Command Line Interface (CLI) -- Type in commands, work only in text 18. HCI studies the interaction between people (users) and computers 19. 20. Logical Connection: Software or virtual connection, End-to-end connection 21. The star topology is the most common type of network used today 22. Protocols layers: physical (transmit data by electrical voltage), data (reliably transmit data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer), network (provides network addressing and routing (host-to-host)), transport (Provides end-to-end connections and reliability, moves data from the sender to the receiver (process-to-process)), application (Provides application services to users and programs (application-to-application))  23. Client-Server model: clients request information from a server, the server responds to the request 24. Frontend of Cloud computing is the part seen by the client (i.e., the computer user): Computing device, Web browser, Mobile application 25. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) is the combination of cloud computing, mobile computing, and wireless networks 26. Database System is an integrated system of hardware, software, people, procedures, and data; that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment 27. Key is an attribute or collection of attributes that uniquely identifies an entity among entity set.  28. Data models define how the logical structure of a database is modeled. 29. Entity is a person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored. 30. The U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first public packet-switched computer network.  31. 32. Linear Multimedia is a type of multimedia that is designed to be presented in a sequential manner ' 33. Hypertext is a text which contains links to other texts 34.  35. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects that enables these objects to collect and exchange data. 36. A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficient resources. 37. Data analysis describes the current or historical state of reality, whereas data science uses that data to predict and/or understand the future. 38. E-service is short for electronic service