Compared Study of Drug Atorvastatin, Omega-3 and Pumpkin Seed Oil Extract PDF

**Compared** **study of Drug Atorvastatin, Omega-3** **and *Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)* Seed Oil Extract on lipids metabolism in hyperlipidemia male Rats** **ABSTRACT** **Language needs much improvement. Along with revision submit a certificate of language correction/improvement from an agency (T...

**Compared** **study of Drug Atorvastatin, Omega-3** **and *Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)* Seed Oil Extract on lipids metabolism in hyperlipidemia male Rats** **ABSTRACT** **Language needs much improvement. Along with revision submit a certificate of language correction/improvement from an agency (This service is also offered by the publisher of this journal @ US100/Manuscript)** HyperlipidemiaHyperlipidemia (rise cholesterol) is an extra of lipids or fats in your blooditthe main risk factor for occurrence occurrence of many diseases diseaseslike cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to investigate the potentials effect of atorvastatin drug, omga-3 and pumpkin -seed oil -(PSO) among - high fat diet (HFD) fed rats model-. The rats were divided randomly -into five groups, and each group contained 5 ratsrats. TheThe controls were fed standard diets, the group which contained 2 rats was fed HFD, and the group which contained 3 rats was fed HFD + atorvastatin 2.5 mg/kg.Bw.Group four rats feed HFD +0.5 ml/DayOmega-3 -and group five rats were werefedfed HFD + 40mg/kg.Bw PSO. The administration of all treatments continued for three weeks and performed by a gavage. The results revealed a significant increase in weight weightgain and body weight in the all groups which was treated with HFD,- except the group of atorvastatin its increased slightly. Moreover observedthere was suppretion in hepatic total cholesterol levels (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C), whil the hepatic and serum level of high density lipoprotein cholesterols (HDL-C) there was rais when the animal treated atorvastatin and drop slightly in groups of Omega -3 and extract of PSO. Additionally, suppression of hepatic total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) , and low- density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL- C) level was observed , while hepatic and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was suppressed , Density (HDL-C) were increased when the animal treated with atorvastatin and slightly decreased Omega-3 and PSO extract groups The results also demonstrated a significant increased serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP as well as urea and creatinine in animals treated with HFD+atorvastatin,HFG+atorvastatin while the group of Omega-3 showedshow ameliorative effect when the above parameters showed significant decreased levels. **Key world :-**Hyperlipidemia , Atorvastatin ,Omega-3,Pumpk**in** **INTRODUCTION** Hyperlipidemia, it is widely known that particularly hypercholesterolemia, and it is a modifiable risk factor to many diseases like cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis such as cerebral strokes, coronary cardiac disease, myocardial infarctions and kidney failure, which have been recently the main global health problems (Xu QY *et al*; 2014). Hyperlipidemia ametabolic disturbance that\ implicated abnormal elevated grade of lipid like (cholesterol and lipid protein in the blood , is on of the manily riskiness agent that reason atherosclerosis , cerebralstrok, coronary heart disease , myocardial infarction and kidney diseases (Fazio and Linton. 2004)   These related lipids are cholesterols, cholesterol ester, triglyceride and phospholipid. Increased LDL levels areare associated with atherosclerosis development ( Smith et al*.* 2004)**.** The dietary intake of cholesterol is not always the main source, and body synthesizes 80% of cholesterol. Thethe dietary intake of cholesterol can really affect the amount of total cholesterol, but liver and other tissues can also synthesizesynthesize it endogenously. Many diseases were found to be common causes of hyperlipidemia such as endocrine diseases (Ahn et al*.* 2017). (Ahn et al.2017) Atorvastatin is the most commonly drug found commercially and used to clinically treat hypercholesterolemia. Similar structures with fluorophenyl groups are found in other synthetic statin such as atorvastatin, cerivastatin, rosuvastatin and pitavastatinpitavastatin (Erturk and Onal 2003). Statins have variable affinities to HMG-CoA reductase based on the chemical structures, which demonstratedemonstrate their pharmacological impact and various pharmacokinetic characteristics such as metabolic metabolic stabilities, tissue distributions, enzyme and transporter engaged in their metabolisms metabolism (Shitara and Sugiyama 2006). Omega-3 fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids and present in fishes like tuna, salmons and halibuts, other sea food such as plants and nut oil. The omega 3 fatty acid plays an essential role in brain functioning and brain's normal development and growth (Siddiqui et al. 2004). It is equally significant even in those who take cholesterol lowering drugs; nevertheless, daily exercises and maintaining a healthy weightweight also plays an essential role in the treatment. For patients with hypercholesterolemia, it is beneficial to take a low -cholesterol and fat diet, particularly saturated fat and high in fiber and omega 3 fatty acid, for patients with hypertriglyceridemia it is favorable to take a diet with low carbohydrates. There is an important positive effect of Omega-3 on health and general welfare. Therefore, dramatic changes were observed in lipid profile, when LDLLDL, VLDL, total cholesterolcholesterol levels were decreased and HDL was increased (Meyer et al. 2003). Pumpkin is is common snack food in many countries, where it has been consumed either as roasted (salted or not) or raw and used in cooking. It was used traditionally as a medicine in several countries (Jia et al. 2003). The seeds of pumpkin and its seed oil were shown to provide different health benefitsbenefit, due to their micro and macro constituents. They are naturally rich sources of phytosterols, protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid antioxidant vitamin e.g. tocopherol, carotenoid and trace element like zinc. Pumpkin seeds are known in folk medicine as a treatment for kidney, prostate and bladder diseases -(Medjakovic et al. 2016). **MATERIALS AND METHODS** **Extraction of pumpkin seed's oil (PSO)**\ The seeds of pumpkin (*Cucurbita pepo L* ) were brought from the local market in the Basra province, IraqIraq. After cleaning, pumpkin seeds were dried and grinded to fine powder by means of a grinder. Soxhlet device was used to extract oil with n-hexane (1:4 w/v) and agitated by a shaker for 36 hours at room temperature in the dark. The solvent was then evaporated at 40°C to be dried. Sealed and dark bottles were used to store the extracted oil until time of analysis (Ardabili et al. 2011). (Ardabili et al. 2011) **Animals management and treated** **Animals , Diet,** **and sample preparation** Twenty five male rats (age between 6--8 wks and weight, 225-260 g)(age between6-8wks and weight 225-260g) were bought from the animal house of Collagecoollage of Veterinaryveterinary Medicinemedicine, University of Basra, IraqIraq. Environmentally-controlled house was used to keepkeep the rats (temperature 25±1°C; humidity 55±5%, 12 hours of light/dark cycles) for 1 week acclimatization before the experiment. The animals were divided into five groups (n=5/group) including the normal controls (one given normal standard), group two was wasgiven high fat diet HFD (2% Cholesterol in dietdiet), and group three rats were weretreated with HFD and 2.5mg/kg. B wator vastatin, while group fouranimals werewere given HFD and treatedtreated with 0.5mL/day Omega- 3, and group five rats were given HFD and treated with 40mg/kg.bw pumpkin seed oil PSO. The rats were given feed and waterfeed and water *ad libitum* in addition to HFD for three week, except the control group which was given a normal diet. At the end of the experiment, the rats underwent anesthesia and sacrificed. **Statistical Analysis** The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (M±SD) and evaluated using the ANOVA analysis and t-test..ANOVAanalysis The least significant difference (LSD) was used to assess the differences among means using computerized SPSS version 19.0. ANOVA revealed a significant (P\