ICT095 Information Technology Basics Fall 2023/2024 PDF

ICT095: Information Technology Basics Fall 2023/2024 Week 12 Reference: Technology In Action, 17th edition, published by Pearson © 2022 Reference: External Handout, includes external references Unit 9: IT in Industries ❑ Automation ❑ E-commerce 2 Automation (What?) It is the application of ma...

ICT095: Information Technology Basics Fall 2023/2024 Week 12 Reference: Technology In Action, 17th edition, published by Pearson © 2022 Reference: External Handout, includes external references Unit 9: IT in Industries ❑ Automation ❑ E-commerce 2 Automation (What?) It is the application of machines to tasks once performed manually by human. Main Purposes (with Examples): Processing Transfer and Positioning • Applying equations on input data of a spreadsheet. • Transferring content to an output device, such as a printer. • Welding by robotic arms in factories. • Loading parts to a production line. 3 Automation Impacts • Generally: Replacement of human workers. • In manufacturing: limiting the occupational hazards. • In manufacturing: Allows for fast, accurate, measurable, and highly controllable operations. • In Paper-Replacement: Transparency. • In Paper-Replacement: Frees up the employees’ time for higher-value tasks. • In resources consumption mechanisms: Promotes energy conservation and utilizes resources effectively. 4 Automation History Mechanization + Human Intervention Self Governing (Steam Engine) Sensors Tech. AI Stone Tools Mechanization + min. Human intervention Electronic Computers 5 Automation History • Stone Tools: Magnify human strength (Human Intervention required). • Mechanization + Human Intervention: Mechanical Mechanisms requiring human intervention. • Mechanization + min. Human Intervention: Mechanical Mechanism not requiring human intervention, not self-governing system (doesn’t increase/decrease its power based on a pre-defined goal) • Mechanization + Self-governing Systems: Still mechanical, but it has a feedback-control mechanism. E.g., Steam engines could control its speed to remain in a pre-defined range. Automation History • Electronic Computers and Integrated Circuits: Electronic operations and control, speed, accuracy. Automation invaded business offices, not only factories or transportation. • Sensors Technology Improvement: More input and feedback control options, without human intervention. • AI: System optimizes itself, learns from historical data and possibilities are endless. Automation Requirements Power source: - Electricity (usually). Feedback control: - The system has a pre-defined goal and can measure its current progress to either stabilize or modify state to reach goal. - Example: Car Cruise system Machine Programming: - Commands stored on the ROM of the controller, executed by system. 8 Car Cruise Example (Video) 9 Automation Examples Kuwait ID app & Sahel: - Government transactions made easy. - Mainly Software. Robotic Arm: - Industrial Automation. It is at the heart of the automation field. Applicant Tracking System (ATS): - Mainly Software. - Filters, stores & evaluates (if AI included) the Job applications. Does more! 10 Robotic Arm Example A sample video of Hyundai Motors applying spot welding by Hyundai Robotic on a production line is available here. 11 Attribution • Stone Tools Image by upklyak on Freepik. • Windmill, Well Lever Image by brgfx on Freepik. • Steam Engine by darkmoon-art-de on devianArt. • Old Computer by StrategyJohn on Flicker. • Basic Sensors by circuit digest. 12 Unit 9: IT in Industries ❑ Automation ❑ E-commerce 13 E-commerce (What?) - Stands for electronic commerce. - It’s the process of conducting business online for purposes ranging from fund-raising to advertising to selling products. Image by storyset on Freepik 14 E-commerce Types 1. Business-to-Consumer (B2C) • The business can be completely online. (e.g. Tatayab) or have stores both physical and online (e.g. X-cite Alghanim). 2. Business-to-Business(B2B) • Both sides of the transaction are business entities or companies (MABROOKco Hotels Supplies) 3. Consumer-to-Consumer(C2C) • Consumers sell to each other through sites (e.g. OpenSooq, eBay) 15 E-commerce Business Models & Trends 1. Social Commerce • Uses social networks to assist with ratings and reviews in marketing and purchasing (e.g. Yelp, Facebook) 2. Group Buying • Services providing deal-of-the-day, i.e., discounted deals (e.g. Sheeel). • Businesses gain exposure, i.e., marketing instead of direct profit. 3. Individual Customization • Consumers buy items, like t-shirts, with customized graphics (e.g. Zazzle) 16 M-commerce (Mobile Commerce) (What?) Conducting commercial transactions through a smartphone, tablet, or other mobile device. • Digital Payment systems. E.g., MyFatoorah, Apple Pay, Venmo. • Location-based offers & coupons for nearby customers. • Place food orders for in-store pick-up or delivery. E.g., KFC Kuwait, Panera, Chipotle. • Bank and Investment applications. 17 Online Shopping Safeguards Table 3.4, Pearson’s Technology In Action 18 Online Shopping Safeguards Table 3.4, Pearson’s Technology In Action 19 Start your e-commerce • Start from scratch: You need skills in web development, business and law. • Small Business: Use a service for creating and managing e-commerce and its related aspects, e.g., Shopify. • Enterprise Level: Use an e-commerce software for enterprise level, e.g., Magento (Adobe Commerce) E-commerce software allows you to sell, monitor, manage inventory, collect payments, support analytics for marketing, etc. 20 Unit 10: IT in Education ❑ Online platforms ❑ Distance-based education 21 Educational Online Platforms • Learning Destination Sites (LDS): Access a variety of courses and learning materials online in an organized fashion. • E.g., Udemy, Coursera, Khan Academy, Codecademy. Reference: Forbes Advisor, Online Learning Platforms: The Different Types And Their Benefits, 2022, By Christin Perry 22 Educational Online Platforms (Cont.) • Learning Management Systems (Course Management Systems) (LMS): Portals for educators to manage the material, communication and resources for their students. • Learning Management Ecosystems: Combining LDS and LMS to offer a customized solution for, exclusively, members of an enterprise or a major institution. Reference: Forbes Advisor, Online Learning Platforms: The Different Types And Their Benefits, 2022, By Christin Perry 23 Educational Software Categories A sample of educational & reference software categories. 24 Examples of Educational Software • Brain Training: Lumosity (lumosity.com), Brain Age (brainage.com). • Course Management: Blackboard (Anthology), Moodle, Canvas. • Course Management Software (LMS) Features: • • • • Main features: calendars, grade books, view material including videos & demos. Discussion: chat rooms, discussion forums. Collaboration: whiteboards and desktop sharing. Access Control: password protection available for some/all material. 25 Unit 10: IT in Education ❑ Online platforms ❑ Distance-based education 26 Tools For Distance-based Education • Videos: whether via an LMS or any video-streaming or video-sharing platform. • One-on-One learning: online platforms for instructors/trainers to offer one-on-one sessions or series of classes to learners. This typically utilizes live video meeting solutions. • Group learning: virtual classrooms, possibly aided with pre-recorded videos and reading materials. An LMS may be utilized for postings grades, managing assignments and facilitating discussions. Reference: Forbes Advisor, Online Learning Platforms: The Different Types And Their Benefits, 2022, By Christin Perry 27 Thank You 28