ICOM111.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO Tablets ➔ Mobile devices that fall into the tablet PC category range in size from larger COMPUTING - PRELIM...

INTRODUCTION TO Tablets ➔ Mobile devices that fall into the tablet PC category range in size from larger COMPUTING - PRELIM tablets that look like a traditional laptop but have a touchscreen to small notebook-sized mobile devices that operate similarly to a smartphone. LESSON 1: COMPUTING DEVICES Smartphones Computing Devices ➔ High-end mobile devices that provide ➔ An electronic machine that uses users with a wide range of functions, binary data to automatically perform such as: portable media players, video calculations. cameras, GPS, high- resolution ➔ Calculations might be as simple as touchscreens, high-speed Wi-Fi, web adding 1+1 and giving you the result of browsers, and mobile broadband, along 2 with phone service. ➔ Complex as calculating the trajectory ➔ The market is expanding and demand of an unmanned rock-et into space; or for powerful mobile devices has never scanning your face to allow you into been higher. a locked room. ❖ Apple iPhone - iPhones run on the iOS Personal Computers (PC) operating system that are a ➔ A computing device designed to be combination of phone, Internet used by one person at a time. gadget, and wide screen iPod. ➔ These computing devices are found in - Common features of an iPhone offices, schools, and homes. include telephone, music player, ➔ PCs are limited only by your camera, and games. imagination and your computer’s - The latest iPhone includes computing power. features such as video conferencing and Siri—a Desktop Computers voice-controlled software ➔ Computing device designed to be assistant to perform various placed on or near a user’s desk. tasks and run other applications ➔ Some computers have the monitor and through a multi- touch interface. the computing components all in one ❖ Android Smartphone physical device which will hence - Android-based smartphones referred to as all-in-one computers. have similar functions to the iPhone, except that the Android Laptops OS allows multiple ➔ Complete computer system that is applications to run small, compact, lightweight, and simultaneously without portable. interruption. ➔ Have specialized hard-ware designed - Blackberry smartphone, Window especially for use in a smaller smartphone portable system, use standard operating systems, can run on battery or alternating current (AC) power, and can connect to other devices. Servers LESSON 2: IDENTIFY INTERNAL COMPUTER ➔ a network computer that shares COMPONENT resources with and responds to requests from computers, devices, Computer Components and other servers on the network. ➔ The components vary by size, ➔ Servers provide centralized access as complexity, and computing power; well as storage for resources such as but these components are what make hardware and services that include such the item function as a computing device. things as: applications, files, printers, and email. Motherboard ➔ It is the personal computer OTHER COMPUTING DEVICES: component that acts as the backbone for the entire computer system. Smart Computer and Mainframe ➔ Sometimes called the system board or ➔ A supercomputer is the fastest and mainboard, it consists of a large, flat the most expensive computer among circuit board with chips and other all types of computers electrical components on it using ➔ Supercomputers are often used in various connectors. research and simulations by hospitals, universities, and Central Processing Unit (CPU) governments to accomplish a single, ➔ A computer chip where most of the specialized task. computing calculations take place. ➔ A mainframe is a large computer that ➔ Housed in a single microprocessor might serve a large organization. module that is installed on the system ➔ It is used to process and store board in a slot or a socket. information for many users at once; ➔ Multiple individual processors can share therefore, it requires much more the workload more efficiently than a processing power and storage capacity single processor. than other computers. ➔ Dual-core and quad-core processors are engineered to include two to four eBook Reader cores on a single chip, while hexa and ➔ Devices used to read electronic octa core processors include six and books, or eBooks some of these eight cores, respectively. devices do nothing besides allow you to download and read eBooks. Power Supply ➔ An internal computer component that Multimedia Player converts line voltage AC power from ➔ Handheld device that enables you to an electrical outlet to the low-voltage play digitally recorded audio, video, and direct current (DC) power needed by combination audio/ video files system components Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Random Access Memory (RAM) ➔ Mobile hand-held device that provides ➔ The component that provides the computing, information storage, and workspace for a processor random information retrieval capabilities for access memory (RAM) is volatile personal or business use. memory. ➔ Requires a constant source of electricity to keep track of the data stored in it.  ➔ When the power is no longer ➔ The device can usually be connected available, the data stored in RAM is via a cable or wirelessly to the lost. computer. ➔ RAM is measured in small groups of ➔ Some of these multi-card readers allow data called bytes. A byte is the you to insert SD, microSD, fundamental unit of measure for CompactFlash, or MS/MS Duo (Sony’s computer data. One typed character is Memory Stick) memory cards. The about one byte. Each byte consists of reader/writer might be internal or eight bits, which are individual ones connected via a USB port on the and zeros. computer. DIMM (Dual in-line Memory Modules) Mobile Media Devices ➔ Found in many systems, and they have ➔ Mobile media devices such as music a 64-bit data path players use memory cards or solid ➔ 16 or 32 chips per module state memory to store data. ➔ These features are also incorporated SODIMM (Small outline dual in-line Memory into eReaders and smartphones. Modules) ➔ Half the size of DIMMs and therefore Expansion Cards cannot fit into a DIMM slot. ➔ A printed circuit board that you install ➔ most often seen in laptops, small into a slot on the computer’s system networking devices (such as routers), board to expand the functionality of the and PCs with smaller system boards. computer. ➔ 32- or 64-bit data paths\ ➔ Connect to the system bus instead of a peripheral bus, use different slot Storage types, or are built into the system ➔ If you want to keep the information circuitry instead of being separate and data you have been working with, physical boards. you need to save it to some type of storage device. Cooling System ➔ The information previously saved to a ➔ Computers get very hot when they storage device can be retrieved (or are running. For this reason, there are read) into computer memory. a number of cooling strategies employed within a computing device. USB Drives ❖ Cooling Fan ➔ Drives can also be connected to the - Fans are located on: the power computer by using a USB supply, the video card, and connection. the CPU. ➔ Some tape drives, which use magnetic - If the computer cannot be tape that can be accessed and written properly cooled, it will to sequentially only (rather than overheat, causing damage to jumping directly to the storage location chips, components, and the for the desired data) can be connected motherboard. via a USB connection. ❖ Liquid Cooling System - Some systems have a liquid Multi-card Reader and Writer cooling system inside the ➔ A wide variety of solid state memory case. cards are used in various devices - These cooling systems use such as phones and cameras. tubes filled with a coolant,  connected to a radiator, and a pump to circulate the liquid Port Shapes coolant through the inside of ➔ Ports can have different physical your computer case. shapes, such as round, rectangular, square, and oblong, although there is Heat Sink some standardization of physical ➔ Employed throughout your computer properties and functions. as another method of keeping components cool. Connections ➔ The heat sink transfers the heated air ➔ The physical access points that from the component to the fan (or enable a computer to communicate liquid cooling system), which then with internal or external devices. moves the heated air out of the ➔ Personal computer connections can computer case, keeping the inside of be categorized by the technology or the case and the components cooler. standard that was used to develop the device. LESSON 3: COMPUTER CONNECTOR TYPES PS/2 Port and Connectors Ports ➔ The round 6-pin port, also referred to ➔ A hardware interface that you can use as a mini-Din connector or PS/2 port, to connect devices to a computer. is an interface located on the ➔ The port transfers electronic signals motherboard. The Din-6 port is the between the device and the system larger 13.2 mm port. unit. ➔ PS/2 ports are often color-coded to ➔ Either an electrically wired socket or match the end of the cable on the plug, or it can be a wireless device: purple for the keyboard and transmission device green for the mouse. ➔ Ports can vary by: shape; color according to coding standards; the Serial Port and Connectors number and layout of the pins or ➔ A personal computer connection that connectors contained within the port; transfers data one bit at a time over a the signals the port carries; and the single wire. port’s location. ➔ Serial connections support two-way ➔ Exist for both internal and external communications and are typically used devices. for devices such as fax cards or external modems. ➔ These legacy serial ports have either 9-pin (DB-9) or 25-pin (DB-25) male connectors. Parallel Port and Connectors ➔ A computer connection that transfers Genders data eight or more bits at a time over ➔ The computer jacks are most often the eight or more wires. female connectors and the cable plug ➔ Any components connected by is most often the male connector. multiple data pathways may be ➔ The one with the protruding pins is the considered to have a parallel male and the one with the holes to connection. accept the pins is the female.  ➔ Standard parallel ports have 25-pin maximum cable length of 3 meters, female connectors. A parallel cable while USB 2.0’s maximum length is 5 has a 25-pin male connector to plug meters. into the system unit and a 36-pin male. Firewire Port and Connector ➔ A computer connection that provides Power Connection and Connector a high- speed interface for peripheral devices that are designed to use the Power Connector Devices that Use it Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 1394 standard. Main Power ATX connectors (20 pin Connector or 24 pin) are used to ➔ FireWire can support up to 63 devices supply power to the on one FireWire port. FireWire 400 motherboard. transmits at 400 Mbps and uses either a 6-pin, bullet-shaped, powered connector or a 4-pin square-shaped, unpowered connector Berg Used to supply power to ➔ FireWire 800 transmits at 800 Mbps floppy disk drives and and uses a 9-pin connector. some tape drives. Thunderbolt Port and Connector ➔ An input/output connection developed by Apple and Intel it carries data and displays signals on a single Molex Used to supply power to Parallel Advanced cable. Technology Attachment ➔ It is a dual- protocol technology that (PATA) drives, optical works with PCI Express and drives, and SCSI drives. DisplayPort technologies. ➔ The data transfer rate of Thunderbolt is approximately 10 Gbps. SATA Power Serial ATA (SATA) power Connector connectors are used to Audio Port and Connectors supply power to SATA ➔ There are a number of audio/video drives. connectors that are used to connect a wide variety of devices, including PCs, DVD and Blu-ray players, surround-sound systems, stereo equipment, projectors, and HDTVs. In addition to HDMI and DVI, common audio/video cable and connectors USB Port and Connectors include those described in the following ➔ USB 2.0, released in April 2000, is the table. most commonly implemented standard. Type Description It can communicate at up to 480 Single-core/shielded Single core wire (+) Mbps. cable Shield (-) ➔ USB cables have a maximum distance It is used for unbalanced before performance suffers to work audio signals. around this, one or more hubs can be Unbalanced audio cable used to create a chain to reach the are short, because noise necessary cable length. USB 1.1 has a is less of an issue.  network connectivity. The RJ in RJ-11 or RJ-45 is an abbreviation for “registered jack." LESSON 4: PERIPHERAL DEVICES One pair/shielded White and Red (+) Peripheral Devices cable Others (-) ➔ Device that connects to a computer Shield (Ground) to expand the computer’s Used for balanced audio functionality. signals. ➔ This includes devices that enable the user to input, output, store, and share data ➔ Also called external devices, it can provide alternative input or output TS and TRS TS Connector (Mono) methods or additional data storage. Connectors TRS Connector (Stereo) Referred as phone jacks, phone plugs, audio jacks, Input Devices and jack plugs. ➔ Computers need user input, such as directions or commands, and user interaction with the programs that are included in order to produce something 3 pin XLR Connector The standard connector of use. for balanced audio. The ❖ Keyboard most common wiring configuration is: - Standard keyboards are Pin 1: Shield (Ground) rectangular in shape and have Pin 2: Positive (Hot) 84, 101, or 104 keys. Pin 3: Negative (Cold) ❖ Ergonomic Keyboard - Natural or ergonomic keyboards usually split the keyboard in half ESATA Connector so each hand can comfortably ➔ An external interface for SATA use its own set of keys. connections like USB and FireWire, it - Built-in wrist rests are common, provides a connection for external and some ergonomic keyboards storage devices. also have an integrated pointing ➔ eSATA connections provide fast data device such as a trackball or transfers without having to translate touchpad. data between the device and the host ❖ Mouse computer. - A small object that runs across a flat surface and has at least RJ45 Port and Connectors one, but typically two or three, ➔ Used on twisted pair cable. RJ-45 is buttons that send electronic an eight- position connector that signals to the graphical user uses all four pairs of wires. interface (GUI) ➔ The RJ-11 connector is a six-position ❖ Trackball connector that uses just one pair of - Upside down mouse. wires. ❖ Touchpad ➔ It is used in telephone system - A small, touch-sensitive pad connections and is not suitable for where you run your finger  across the surface to send electronic signals to the ❖ Speakers computer to control the pointer - Can be attached to the device to on the screen. play the audio out loud, without ❖ Trackpoint the need for headphones - Located in the center of the keyboard, the trackpoint is a Input/Output Devices small joystick-like button that ➔ Some devices provide both input and responds to user force in all output functionality. This includes directions in order to move the devices such as fax devices, external mouse pointer on screen. storage devices, and touchscreen ❖ Stylus devices. - Most often used with tablets, or ❖ Flash Drive on a drawing tablet connected - Portable, with most being about to a computer. 1/2-inch wide, 1/4- inch deep, ❖ Joystick and 3-inches long. These - Pivoting stick or lever attached typically connect to a USB port to a base that is used to control on your computer. movement on a device ❖ External Hard Disk ❖ Microphone - An external hard drive might - Microphones typically connect connect to your computer via to a device through a MIC jack, USB or FireWire. although some connect with a ❖ Memory Card USB connection. Some laptops - The memory card used in your may have a built-in microphone. music player, camera, or ❖ Scanner smartphone can be connected - Used to take a photo-identical to your computer to read as well copy (scan) of a physical hard as transfer images and data copy of any kind of document, from the portable device to your such as a piece of paper or a computer. photo, and create a ❖ Fax digital-format copy of the - Device functionality might be document. built into a card inserted in an ❖ Webcam expansion slot in your computer - Used to send periodic images or case, or it might be built into a continuous frames to a website printer. for display. Output Devices ➔ Output devices enable the user to get information and data out of the computer. Typical examples include printers, speakers, and displays. ❖ Printer - device that produces text and images from electronic content onto physical media such as paper, photo paper, and labels.