Hypovolemic Shock Presentation PDF

HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK Presented By :Alita Paul Tutor Cum EM Technologist  INTRODUCTION SHOCK: Shock is a state of circulatory insufficiency that creates an imbalance between tissue oxygen supply and demand resulting in end organ dysfunc...

HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK Presented By :Alita Paul Tutor Cum EM Technologist  INTRODUCTION SHOCK: Shock is a state of circulatory insufficiency that creates an imbalance between tissue oxygen supply and demand resulting in end organ dysfunction. Four types of shock are recognized: distributive, cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and obstructive. Hypovolemic shock – shock caused by insufficient volume (blood or fluid) within the vascular system.  DEFINITION Hypovolemic shock is a medical emergency that happens when your body loses too much blood or fluid. It makes it very difficult for your heart to beat efficiently and can lead to organ failure. Hypovolemic shock is a life-threatening condition that results when you lose more than 15 percent of your body’s blood or fluid supply and your heart function is impaired. Severe fluid loss makes it difficult for the heart to pump enough blood to your body.  As the fluid loss increases, hypovolemic shock can lead to organ failure. This requires immediate emergency medical attention. Hypovolemic shock can be divided into two categories: hemorrhagic and non- hemorrhagic.  HAEMORRHAGIC SHOCK Hemorrhagic shock is a type of shock that’s caused by heavy blood loss, which can be caused by internal or external bleeding. Hemorrhagic shock can be life threatening and needs to be treated as a medical emergency. CAUSES OF HAEMORRHAGIC SHOCK Chest trauma Abdomen trauma Pelvic trauma Long bone fracture External bleeding CAUSES OF NON HAEMORRHAGIC SHOCK Burns Diarrhoea/Vomiting Diaphoresis DKA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DECREASED INTRAVASCULAR VOLUME DECREASED VENOUS RETURN DECREASED VENTRICULAR FILLING DECREASED STROKE VOLUME DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT INADEQUATE TISSUE PERFUSION CLASSIFICATION  SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS COMPENSATED: During the hypovolemic shock, body still able to maintain perfusion by compensatory mechanisms. Weakness and lightheadedness Pallor Tachycardia  Tachypnea (increased respiratory rate) decreased urinary output Weakened peripheral pulse Thirst Body attempts to deal with the cause of shock until it changes to next stage hypotension. DECOMPENSATED: When the body is not longer able to maintain perfusion.  Hypotension  Altered mental status  Cardiac arrest TRAUMA LETHAL TRIAD  Severe bleeding in trauma diminishes oxygen delivery , and may lead to hypothermia. This in turn can halt the coagulation cascade, preventing blood from clotting.  In the absence of blood-bound oxygen and nutrients ( hypoperfusion), the body's cells burn glucose anaerobically for energy, causing the release of lactic acid, ketone bodies, and other acidic compounds into the blood stream, which lower the  Such an increase in acidity damages the tissues and organs of the body and can reduce myocardial performance, further reducing the oxygen delivery  INVESTIGATION CBC BLOOD GROUP AND CROSS MATCH SERUM ELECTROLYTES ABG PROTHROMBIN TIME URINALYSIS  MANAGEMENT The primary assessment :  A –AIRWAY : Check airway patent or not.  B –BREATHING : Saturation < 94%, connect to oxygen.  C –CIRCULATION :  2 Wide bore cannula. Fluid rescusitation /crystalloids Packed RBCs Control bleeding/haemorrhage by applying pressure. FOLEY CATHETARIZATION: Monitor urine output.  –DISABILITY : Conscious and GCS  E –EXPOSURE : Head to Toe Examination  SUMMARY Hypovolemic shock is an emergency condition in which severe blood or other fluid loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body. This type of shock can cause many organs to stop working. If left untreated, hypovolemic shock can lead to ischemic injury of vital organs, leading to multi-system organ failure and death.  IMPORTANT QUESTION Management of hypovolemic shock. Signs and symptoms. Define hypovolemic shock.