Hydrosphere PDF

Hydrosphere  Geology Hydrosphere The hydrosphere refers to the areas of the Earth's surface occupied by water (liquid, solid, or gaseous).  Geology Hydrosphere Les Water réservoirs...

Hydrosphere  Geology Hydrosphere The hydrosphere refers to the areas of the Earth's surface occupied by water (liquid, solid, or gaseous).  Geology Hydrosphere Les Water réservoirs reservoirs. d’eau 1. Ice caps "60% of fresh water is stored at the polar regions."  Geology Hydrosphere 2. Seas and oceans 1.Pacific Ocean 2.Atlantic Ocean 3.Indian Ocean 4.Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean) 5.Arctic Ocean  Geology Hydrosphere 3. Rivers and lakes.  Geology Hydrosphere 4. Aquifers.  Geology Hydrosphere 5. Troposphere  Geology Hydrosphere The water cycle  Geology Hydrosphere Subdivision of the hydrosphere I. Based on depth 1 1) Littoral zone 22 Zone located between the limits of the tides. 2) Neritic zone The neritic zone is the part of the ocean that extends from the low tide level to the edge of the continental shelf (200 meters). 1+2= continental marge (1° et 5°)  Geology Hydrosphere Subdivision of the hydrosphere I. Based on depth 3) Bathyal Zone From 200 to 3,000 meters. It corresponds to the 3 continental slope with a steep gradient. 4) Abyssal Zone From 3,000 to 7,000 meters: 4 This is the deepest part of the oceans and is always in complete darkness, Very low temperature, between 2 and 3°C.  Geology Hydrosphere Subdivision of the hydrosphere I. Based on depth 5) Hadal Zone More than 7,000 meters: Primarily represented by ocean trenches.  Geology Hydrosphere Subdivision of the hydrosphere « II. Based on illumination 1) Photic Zone This is the surface zone of the oceans where light penetrates the waters and allows for the photosynthesis of algae.  Geology Hydrosphere Subdivision of the hydrosphere II. Based on illumination 2) Aphotic Zone It is located below the photic zone, where light is scarce or absent. It is important to note that photosynthesis in this zone is rare to nonexistent.  Geology Hydrosphere Ecological distribution Benthic organisms: These are organisms that live attached to the seabed, including green algae, bivalves, and corals. Moule  Geology Hydrosphere Ecological distribution Plankton: These are organisms that live suspended in the water. They move due to the action of underwater currents. Phytoplankton: These are plant- based plankton that utilize photosynthesis by absorbing mineral salts and carbon (in the form of CO2) to release oxygen under the influence of light.  Geology Hydrosphere Ecological distribution Zooplankton: These are animal-based plankton that primarily feed on phytoplankton to ensure their survival.  Geology Hydrosphese Ecological distribution Role of phytoplankton  "The first link in the marine food chain."  Geology Hydrosphere Ecological distribution Role of phytoplankton  Phytoplankton: the lung of the planet. They produce more than half of the oxygen on Earth.