HVAC Systems in Malaysia: Chilled Beams and Effects PDF

# DCS - Application in Malaysia The document describes the application of a Direct Digital Control (DCS) system in Malaysia. - It shows pictures of DCS installations in various locations, including: - **Kuala Lumpur International Airport** - **Putrajaya** - **Bangsar** - **UKM**...

# DCS - Application in Malaysia The document describes the application of a Direct Digital Control (DCS) system in Malaysia. - It shows pictures of DCS installations in various locations, including: - **Kuala Lumpur International Airport** - **Putrajaya** - **Bangsar** - **UKM** - **TASC** # DCS - Components The DCS system involves multiple components: * **Central Chiller Plant:** Generates chilled water used for cooling purposes. * **Distribution Network:** Distributes the chilled water to buildings. * **User Station:** Interfaces with individual building air-conditioning circuits. # Chilled Beam System - The document explains the operation of a chilled beam system, highlighting its specific advantages as a type of HVAC system. - It is a convection HVAC system designed for heating and cooling of high-rise buildings like commercial buildings. - It primarily provides cooling using water to remove heat from a room. - A network of pipes carrying water is suspended from the ceiling, chilling the air around them due to convection. - This denser, cooler air falls to the floor, displacing warmer air which then rises. This creates a constant cycle of air convection for cooling the space. ## Principle of Chilled Beam System - A diagram illustrates the chilled beam system's design, clearly showing how it generates cool air and displaces warmer air upwards. # Advantages of Chilled Beam System - Simple design and control - Smaller ductwork requirements - Reduced space needed for mechanical equipment - Less maintenance - Improved user comfort # Disadvantages of Chilled Beam System - Limited market penetration in the industry - Higher construction cost - Lack of familiarity among engineers working with this technology - Potential for condensation, requiring precise humidity control in the building to prevent issues with the chilled beams. # General Effects of HVAC - The document discusses the general effects of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) on the environment. - Overall, HVAC systems consume significant energy, requiring substantial resources like energy sources. - It directly or indirectly affects the environment by demanding more energy resources. - In energy-constrained countries like Pakistan, challenges arise in implementing HVAC systems effectively due to energy shortages. ## General Effects of Cooling - Cooling processes, including air conditioning, refrigeration, and dehumidification, often rely on CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) which have harmful effects on the ozone layer. - The document acknowledges that people can grow accustomed to air conditioning, making them more susceptible to the harshness of outdoor temperatures compared to those not using AC. - Cooling processes require significant energy consumption, potentially exacerbating energy shortages and contributing to increased entropy. ## General Effects of Heating - Heating includes various methods like heaters, centralized heating systems, boilers, furnaces, and heat pumps. - These methods generally consume large amounts of energy, whether they use electric heat, boilers, or hydrocarbons like petrol gas or coal. - Heat sources can pose hazards and release harmful gases during combustion, especially from hydrocarbons. - Uncontrolled fires from these sources could result in human loss. - Heating processes can also affect the environment through the release of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, as well as smoke, dust, and ash. ## General Effects of Ventilation - Ventilation systems involve exchange of air and air circulation within buildings. - Both mechanical and forced ventilation systems consume energy, but they generally contribute positively to the environment. - Ventilation benefits human health by reducing harmful effects, promoting freshness in buildings, and minimizing fungal and damp issues. - However, mechanical ventilators can generate noise pollution, particularly in locations like tunnels and underpasses.