HUME 111 Poverty PDF
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University of the Philippines Los Baños
AGB Lumbres
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Summary
This document discusses different types of poverty, including absolute, relative, and situational poverty, as well as how poverty manifests in different areas such as urban and rural areas. It also explores the concept of poverty in developing nations, and includes factors like the lack of access to resources and persistent social inequalities.
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WHO AND WHERE ARE THE POOR? Concepts on Poverty HUME 111: Human Ecological Perspectives in Development Prepared by: AGB Lumbres | DCERP-CHE ...
WHO AND WHERE ARE THE POOR? Concepts on Poverty HUME 111: Human Ecological Perspectives in Development Prepared by: AGB Lumbres | DCERP-CHE https://www.informationnigeria.com/2014/05/wef- https://medium.com/@phile797/top-10-issues- nigeria-dangote-wfp-to-fight-malnutrition-in-africa- facing-our-youth-today-12ace8a2f0f7 with-50m.html https://www.adsoftheworld.com/media/ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-food/sign-of-the-times-mile- print/woman_22 long-line-of-cars-outside-california-grocery-giveaway-idUSKCN21R3N3 https://24tv.ua/u_tsar_povstantsi_postavili_vladi_ultimatum_cherez_rosiyskih_naymantsiv_n1054574 https://usnewslatest.com/us-unemployment-reached-a- https://thestar.blogs.com/photoblog/ethics/ record-14-7/ https://joequinn.net/ WHAT IS POVERTY? “Poverty is when there is no wheat at home, when there is little food, when Mom and Dad have no jobs, when there are no utensils, good clothes, and sometimes – when there is no home. And even if there is, it has dirty walls, no carpets and blankets. Poverty is when a person is often hungry.” – Shahnoza, 10 UNICEF: Children’s voices. A qualitative study of poverty in Tajikistan 2016. National Institute For Health And Welfare, Po Box 30, Fi-00271 Helsinki POVERTY Deprivation of basic capabilities to meet needs required to live a decent life Amartya Sen (1983) WHO ARE THE POOR? Third World Countries The Global South Less Developed Country Developing Country Definition The concept of a gap between the Global North and Global South in terms of development and wealth EXTREME (or Absolute) POVERTY ▪ Households cannot meet basic needs for survival. 1.90 ▪ They are chronically hungry, unable to access health care, lack the amenities of safe drinking water and sanitation, cannot afford education for some or all of the children, and perhaps lack rudimentary shelter and basic articles of clothing. Extreme Poverty line ▪ Extreme poverty occurs only in developing countries. Worldbank International Poverty Line MODERATE POVERTY ▪ Conditions of life in which basic needs are met, but just barely 1.90- 3.20 Poverty line for Lower middle- income group 3.20- 5.50 Poverty line for Upper middle- income group Worldbank International Poverty Line RELATIVE POVERTY ▪ Household income level below a given proportion of average national income ▪ “They are not living in total poverty, but they are not enjoying the same standard of life as everyone else in the country (eg internet, TV, safe home etc)” ▪ Sometimes referred to as relative ‘deprivation’ or a form of social exclusion SITUATIONAL POVERTY ▪ This is caused by a sudden crisis or loss and is often temporary. ▪ Examples: Environmental disasters, Severe health problems Photo: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-food/sign-of-the-times- mile-long-line-of-cars-outside-california-grocery-giveaway-idUSKCN21R3N3 GENERATIONAL POVERTY ▪ Occurs in families where at least two generations have been born into poverty. ▪ Families living in this type of poverty are not equipped with tools to move out from their situations. Photo: https://www.bread.org/sites/default/files/styles/875_wide/public/field/image/malicuisine.jpg?itok=aFPicRRY URBAN POVERTY Occurs in metropolitan areas with dense population Photos: https://francis-ritchie.com/reuters-5-facts-urban-poverty/ RURAL POVERTY ▪ Occurs in non- metropolitan areas ▪ Families often have less access to services and opportunities Photo: https://sohfoundation.wordpress.com/2015/09/25/mobilising-developent-to-rural-india-the-biggest-challenge/ WHERE ARE THE POOR? Distribution of the World's Poor Low Income Countries India and China (L) Middle Income Countries India and China (L) Middle Income Countries Low Income Countries Sumner, A. 2012. Where Will The World’s Poor Live.? An Update On Global Poverty And The New Bottom Billion. WHERE ARE THE POOR? Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2018 for GDP per capita growth rates and population figures; Robles and Sumner (2018) for MPI data. Note: Includes 111 low- and middle-income countries with populations above 1 million people. WHERE ARE THE POOR? Source: Worldbank Estimates. Worldbank. 2019. The State of the Poor: Where are the Poor and where are they Poorest? WHERE ARE THE POOR? Homi Kharas and Andrew Rogerson.2012. Horizon 2025. Overseas Development Institute. ISBN 978-1-907288-78-4
