Human Anatomy Unit 4 Objectives PDF

**Human Anatomy** **Unit 4 Objectives** *[The following is a list of questions that can help you study the material. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list. You need to know everything covered in your lecture notes even if there's no question on it here. Answer the questions as soon as possibl...

**Human Anatomy** **Unit 4 Objectives** *[The following is a list of questions that can help you study the material. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list. You need to know everything covered in your lecture notes even if there's no question on it here. Answer the questions as soon as possible after lecture and commit the answers to memory but with understanding as well!]* **Chapter 12** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. -- -- -- -- 6. 7. 8. 9. -- -- -- -- 10. 11. 12. 13. **Chapter 13** 1. Describe the process of the embryonic development of the brain. Name the primary and secondary brain vesicles and what which adult brain regions each one leads to. 2. What are the four main regions of the brain? What is the general function of each one? Describe the location in the brain of each one. 3. Where do you find gray vs. matter in the cerebrum? In the brain stem? In the cerebellum? In the spinal cord? What is the cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex? What are nuclei? 4. What are ventricles? Name all ventricles, state their locations, and the connections between them. 5. For each of the following terms: define, know the structure and function, know the relationship to neighboring structures, what it consists of, know significance, and the brain region it belongs to (some of these may not apply to each term). -- -- -- -- 6. Compare and contrast the primary somatosensory cortex and primary motor cortex in their location and function. What is the size of the cortex dedicated to each body area related to each of the two cortices? 7. What are the two areas involved in speech? Where in the brain is each found (be very specific)? What is each responsible for? How is a person's aphasia (speech problem) different depending on which of these 2 areas is damaged? 8. What are the three types of communication fibers present in the cerebrum? Are they part of gray or white matter? What makes them up? What's the function of each type? What does each type allow communication in between? What's the corpus callosum? 9. What is the limbic system? What is it responsible for? What structures have we named are a part of the limbic system? 10. What are the meninges and what's their function? Name the 3 main layers and describe the general structure and function of each. For each of the following terms know the structure, function, location, relationship to other terms, what makes it up, what it contains, and significance. neighboring structures, what it consists of, know significance, and the brain region it belongs to (some of these may not apply to each term). -- -- -- -- -- -- 11. What is CSF? What are its functions? What cells produce it? What structures contain these cells? What's an arachnoid granulation (arachnoid villus)? Describe its location. What are the median and lateral apertures? Describe the circulation pathway of CSF. 12. What are the functions of the spinal cord? Know the structure, function, location, and relationship between each of the following terms: -- -- -- -- 13. Describe the structure of the spinal cord in cross-section. Know the structure, function, location, what makes it up, and the relationship between each of the following terms: -- -- -- -- 14. What is meant by ascending and descending tracts? Where would you find them? What do they carry? What types of neurons? **Chapter 14** 1. What is the peripheral nervous system? What makes it up? What are its main branches and subbranches? 2. What are peripheral sensory receptors? What are their 2 main categories? What are the two ways to categorize them? Name, state the location, and function, and give examples of each subtype. 3. For each of the cranial nerves know: name, number, opening in the skull, function, and pathway. 4. How many spinal nerves are there? How many are from each region of the spinal cord? Know the spinal nerve story: what are the branches closest to the spinal cord? What do they carry? What are the branches once the spinal nerves leave the intervertebral foramen? Where is each going and what does it carry? 5. Define nerve plexus. What branch of the spinal nerve contributes to the plexuses? Name the 4 plexuses and the spinal cord region that contributes to each one. 6. For the 10 spinal nerves we cover know: the plexus it comes off of and its sensory and motor functions. 7. For the brachial plexus, what are the three cords? What nerves come off of each cord? What are the cords named in relationship to? **Chapter 15** 1. What is the autonomic nervous system? What is its function? What does it control? What are its branches? What are the different roles of each branch? 2. What are preganglionic neurons, postganglionic neurons, and autonomic ganglia? How is the neuronal pathway in the ANS different from the somatic motor division? 3. Know the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions as far as their: function, origin, length of pre- and postganglionic neurons, location of ganglia, and degree of branching and effect. **Chapter 16** 1. Know the structure, function, composition, signification, location, and relationship between the following structures related to the eyes and vision: -- -- -- -- 2. Name the six extrinsic eye muscles. What is the action and innervation of each? What are the two intrinsic eye muscles? What's the function and innervation of each? What is meant by intrinsic and extrinsic? Other than location, what's another big difference between these two in the eye (the extrinsic vs. the intrinsic). 3. What are the different characteristics of rods vs. cones? 4. What is accommodation? What eye structures are responsible for it? 5. Why do we need to be able to vary the size of the pupil? What structure is responsible for that? 6. Follow the light and visual pathway all the way from the outside of the eyeball until the final destination in the brain, naming every structure, space, fluid, cell, etc... on the way and stating the function of each. 7. Know the structure, function, composition, signification, location, and relationship between the following structures related to the ear: -- -- -- -- 8. Follow the sound and hearing pathway all the way from the outside of the ear until the final destination in the brain, naming every structure, space, fluid, cell, etc... on the way and stating the function of each. 9. What are the structures involved in equilibrium? What specific information does each one detect?