Human Services Final PDF

ON TEST! Chapter 7: Social policy is guidelines, principles, legislation, and activities that affect the living conditions conducive to human welfare. ❖​ Problem-oriented ❖​ Action-oriented ❖​ Focused on a target population ❖​ Making choices about changes Early Social Policy ❖​ Pre...

ON TEST! Chapter 7: Social policy is guidelines, principles, legislation, and activities that affect the living conditions conducive to human welfare. ❖​ Problem-oriented ❖​ Action-oriented ❖​ Focused on a target population ❖​ Making choices about changes Early Social Policy ❖​ Preliterate societies - survival by mutual efforts ❖​ Village societies - Survival by extended family ❖​ Larger/complex societies - Survival by humanitarian efforts of religion, especially those without family or family means Social Policy in Modern Times ❖​ Support people living satisfying and productive lives ❖​ Lots of issues and not enough money to solve them all ❖​ Competition between humanitarianism and the desire for people in power to continue control of society’s wealth/resources Social Policy Now ❖​ Improve the lives of people -​ Meet the needs of the elected population (target) ❖​ Types: -​ Social welfare -​ Housing -​ Mental health -​ Child welfare -​ Unemployment ❖​ Policies compete with one another ❖​ TruthPharm example - treatment vs. incarceration Deceptive Arguments (p. 292-293): 1.​ Bandwagon—the idea that “everybody” does this or believes this.  2.​ Categorical statements—stating something in a way that implies there can be no argument or disagreement on the issue. 3.​ Personal attack—criticizing an opponent personally instead of rationally debating his or her ideas. 4.​ Testimonial—quoting or paraphrasing an authority or celebrity to support one’s own viewpoint. Chapter 8: Prevention: Interventions that occur before the initial onset of a specific problem or disorder. ❖​ Difficult to define/identify targets ❖​ Stressful situations can’t completely be prevented so instead -​ Prevent the situation from causing psychological and social disorders Past Prevention ❖​ Ancient - awareness of “natural” causes ❖​ Dark Ages - emphasis on prayer and rituals ❖​ Renaissance/Age of Reason - accepted more scientific medical practices ❖​ Nineteenth/Twentieth centuries - advances in medicine and mental hygiene movement ❖​ People can solve their problems Levels of Prevention 1.​ Primary Prevention: ​ Reduce new cases ​ Designed to prevent a disorder, disability, or dysfunction from occurring 2.​ Secondary Prevention: ​ Shorten duration ​ Early detection and treatment of dysfunction 3.​ Tertiary Prevention: ​ Reduce severity and disability ​ Efforts to rehabilitate and return people to the community Passive: ❖​ Broad informational approaches Active: ❖​ Working directly with target populations to develop skills Obstacles 1.​ Professional issues ​ Lack of training, etc. 2.​ Political issues ​ Focus on crisis vs. prevention/wellness 3.​ Economic obstacles ​ Limited resources and high cost of programs Chapter 9: Current Controversies and Issues Clash of Values 1.​ Morality - Who should receive services? 2.​ Nature of Social Obligations - What does society respond to and how are needs prioritized? 3.​ Preferred Interventions - How should the problem be fixed? 4.​ Compensatory Strategies - Should groups that lag get extra? 5.​ The magnitude of Federal Policy - Should the federal government intervene and how much money should they spend? ​ Between people in the field ​ Between your values and your employer/licensing board/etc. ​ Euthanasia - intervention in hastening the death of an individual. ​ Reproductive Choice - health risks associated with reproductive choice complicate the pursuit of a single “right” choice. ​ Mandated Reporting ​ Agreement about social needs and appropriate ways to meet those needs is unlikely. Target Populations: ​ Domestic spending likely to increase ​ Programs reflect social priorities ​ Priorities shift, and human services must shift also Bias ​ Stereotypes and implicit bias ​ Explicit and implicit bias ​ Looking at our own bias Activity: 1.​ Social Problem: Addiction Primary prevention: Education and awareness about addiction and its effects Secondary: Someone at the beginning of their addiction, starting to have an addiction receives counseling or a brief intervention from family or friends Tertiary: Rehab and treatment centers 2.​ Social Problem: Poverty Primary Prevention: Education and awareness on poverty and its effects, economic policies and programs to reduce unemployment which creates job opportunities, financial assistance Secondary Prevention: Counseling, prevention programs that implement housing for the homeless, assistance from services and the community such as job opportunities. Tertiary Prevention: Better healthcare services and counseling to provide ongoing support for individuals in need, rehabilitation so that individuals who were homeless can reintegrate into the community, support services for parents, and services for children to prevent generational cycles –> What would it take to implement these services? ​ Start with the community, starting locally with fundraisers and services which can then hopefully grow ​ Coordinated efforts from multiple groups of people ​ Partnerships between different programs, leaders, communities, governments, etc. –> Obstacles ​ An obstacle to creating programs and economic policies could be an insufficient amount of funds (exosystem, larger system that affects individuals) ​ An obstacle for educational barriers, there may not be enough resources and funds for individuals to be educated and be provided with skills to break the poverty cycle (microsystem, individual’s direct setting) ​ An obstacle for prevention programs and certain policies could be systemic inequalities such as racism, sexism, and other discrimination can limit certain groups’ access to help (macrosystem, overarching societal values, norms, and policies) Maslow and Social Policy: ​ Choose a social policy (not discussed in the textbook) -​ Who is the target population? -​ What needs (according to Maslow) is this meant to address? 3.​ Using the link in the lecture for NOHS Ethics Standard 7, explain (based on this ethical code), whether or not a human service worker should share their views with a client. You may also want to discuss how doing so (or not) might impact the client. -​ A human services worker should generally avoid sharing their personal views unless doing so is in the client's best interest and doesn’t interfere with the professional relationship. They should be cautious because the guidelines emphasize maintaining professionalism and making sure that the relationship centers on the client’s needs. Sharing personal views could interfere with centering on the client’s needs as well as blurring professional boundaries. 4.​ Schema: A pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. Stereotypes: An oversimplified or exaggerated description of people or things. How can our schemas turn into stereotypes? -​ We naturally categorize people into groups and we make generalizations about the characteristics of these groups. When we encounter an individual from a certain group that we have a stereotype about, we expect their behavior to fit into our schema. -​ When our schemas are applied too broadly or without nuance, we reduce complex individuals or groups into a few characteristics. Implicit Bias: Unconscious preference or aversion. An automatic reaction. Explicit Bias: Conscious preference or aversion. Expressed openly. How do implicit bias and explicit bias relate to this? -​ Schemas form the foundation of implicit and explicit bias. When our schemas turn into stereotypes, they can lead to implicit or explicit biases.