Immediate and Relative Argument Syllabus PDF

IMMEDIATE AND RELATIVE ARGUMENT SYLLABI SQUARE OF PROPOSITION a diagram used in logic to illustrate the relationships between different types of propositions. both immediate arguments and related arguments are forms of reasoning that rely on the logical r...

IMMEDIATE AND RELATIVE ARGUMENT SYLLABI SQUARE OF PROPOSITION a diagram used in logic to illustrate the relationships between different types of propositions. both immediate arguments and related arguments are forms of reasoning that rely on the logical relations between propositions. SQUARE OF PROPOSITIO N SQUARE OF PROPOSITION Contrary: Universal Affirmative and Universal Negative cannot be both true but can be both false. (A, E) Subcontrary: Particular Affirmative and Particular Negative cannot be both false but can be both true. (I, O) Sub-alternation: (A) (E) (I) (O) truth of universal implies truth of particular, falsity of particular SQUARE OF PROPOSITIO N AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE UNIVERSAL A E Every Sis P No Sis P PARTICULAR I O Some Sis P Some Sis not P SQUARE OF PROPOSITIO N Venn Diagram ARGUMENT In critical thinking, an argument is a set of statements where one statement is the conclusion, and the others are the premises or assumptions. ARGUMENT  Premises – support an argument’s conclusion.  Conclusion – a claim or statement that is inferred from argument’s premises.  Proponent – arguing your side.  Opponent – arguing other’s side.  Premis eA Conclusio ARGUMENT n Premis eB  TYPES OF ARGUMENT Immediate Related Argument Argument IMMEDIATE ARGUMENT Often called as a one type of argument. It has a single premise supporting the conclusion. Example: Premise: All humans are mortal. Conclusion: Tiander is mortal. IMMEDIATE ARGUMENT Types 1. Conversion – subject and predicate’s places are converted. 2. Obversion – place the predicate with its complement and switch the quality of the statement 3. Contraposition - swapping the subject and predicate terms with their complements. RELATED ARGUMENT Involves multiple premises to arrive at a conclusion. RELATED ARGUMENT Example: Premise 1: Drinking enough water keeps you hydrated. Premise 2: Staying hydrated helps you think clearly and stay focused. Premise 3: Being able to think clearly and stay focused improves your performance at work or school. Conclusion: Therefore, drinking enough water is RELATED ARGUMENT Syllogisms used in reasoning: 1. Categorical Syllogisms All A are B. All B are C. Therefore, all A are C. 2. Hypothetical Syllogisms If P, then Q. If Q, then R. Therefore, if P, then R. THANK YOU!